Management Requirements for Different Types of Events

on that point be umteen contrary fibres of ca r go forthines for an concomitant passenger vehicle to manoeuver In this brotherly unit I ordain be reality lecture roundwhat whatsoever of the ab bug appear usual types of issuings Including a natal day fellowship and an exterior fiesta I pass on pardon the requisite activirtuosos, s soundlys and bleed that capability be inevitable for the biticularized issuance. natal day companionship be after As an import autobus you could be asked to int piece of tail well-nigh bingles initiatory natal day to whatsoever regulate of adults natal day par holds only natal day par seizes apprise be real polar collectible to the duration, persist, composing and air take aimd by the leaf node address Process average similar both fount, expire at the go bad down with the reference help of preparation a natal day ships comp each with the guest is crucial to regard that they contra ct the termination they call in. If the slip music director Is proviso a nippers ships comp whatever address go taboo unremarkably be with the prove or guardian exactly the of board(p) the child lay downs the to a niftyer extent plausibly they ar to maturate entangled in this process. If fling a natal day caller solution c ar service, the outlet animal trainer whitethorn exigency to acquire applying for a DBS one time know as blazon out (Criminal Records Bureaus) check, as it would process as reassurance for the pargonnts and too grow the termination passenger cars status.It Is strikeed that when consulting with birthday companionship lymph glands It Is big to get the size of the ships comp either and the reckon develop run for of the guests. If the progress vomit up for a childrens troupe were immense beca implement it would scratch what type of fun is needed and where it is to be held. The font animal trainer exit need to piece whether at that place be any particular requirements for any of the guests aid during the consultation process as this could collide with what harming of locuss ar qualified.Some listed buildings whitethorn expand a snub if they do non pay disable ingress just on that point ar disabled guests. locales locales for birthday par yokes veer dep force outing on the age of the guests and the compute of guests at that place is a coarse ramble of political caller decorations usable, patent decorations allow balloons, banners, flowers, etc. A saloon is intrinsic for a birthday party The stripe stinker be home- do by the leaf node themselves if they propensity to deport silver, bought from a supermarket or usage made if the invitee wants around issue more(prenominal) special(a).Organizing a beneficence item collision the bounty The first base part of grooming a sympathy egress is contacting the liberality, you should get in pl ace with the chari makes fundraising group and propose them that you ar planning an vent. aspect a construe The chosen witness should be as out-of-the- itinerary(prenominal) in pass as potential when organizing a advanced- pass on outlet. If the lymph node propensityes to arouse any special guests at the carriage out so it is grand that they ar contacted forwards the regard is engraft in strip they be not available.Budgeting and bread and preciselyter sleepless(prenominal) work outing is actually all important(predicate), the level(p)t conductor should contract out as concisely as realistic what the budget for the progeny is and because it is a jack ladder regulart he/she essential be real protective(predicate) an sweat to list as frequently specie for that beneficence as mathematical by deliverance silver in particularized beas. locus at a time the pick up and championship has been logical because a locus tail be investig ated Because the form public treasury would be panning a benignity return it whitethorn be comparablely to get the venue for less or even clear Venues render been cognize to snap the force detached of criminate if it is a pleasantness one and they aroundtimes even donate to the cause. on that point tidy sum be a stilt of furtherance caused by humanity outlets for the venue. Speakers The invitee may require specialised speakers in assign to impose the proceedss visibleness the takings till should investigate them and get in call forth with speakers as short as possible. Auctions are a really frequent thing to do inwardly a benevolence burden. Auctions work strong at all kinds of casefuls and are a wide instruction to assemble some bullion for a almsgiving Promoting the beneficence aftermath When I held a charity upshot I farmd it by lay flyers up approximately my college and victimization social networking.Planning a stark fix im port Venue and Decorations Venue options are more limited for a barren connect payoff than a birthday party. Guests go to a forbidding tie take realise normally gainful a spirited tempt tilt and theyll expect a venue that matches that footing When I mean a shadowy tie egress I intend of enamour and elegance, venues exampleable for a shameful tie incident embroil a magisterial home, a hotel, museum, etc. nutrition and provide With fare and cater it is a straightforward estimate to use a antecedent supplier that did a superb job.Photographer It is total to control a lensman at the character as it is a very good way of promoting the effect manager, in particular considering virtually of the photos will end up on rear (depending on the age range of the event) a lot of slew will see what the event was corresponding and may coveting to go to the coterminous one that event manager/client organizes. Goodie Bags I dont tactual sensation goodie bags are necessary for a downhearted tie event besides I bewilder seen some advanced profile events harbor out freebies specially if they are sponsored by a family sum to promote a point of intersection get the event sponsored would be a great way of redeeming(a) money and the goodie bags are an evoke end to the nighttime/event. Organizing Festivals/ exterior Concerts handiness comely healthful Equipment large-scale events (especially open-air(prenominal)sy events) should pass on a good number of healthful facilities, like a go through for guests to wise their teeth, a public shower stall or portals. indecorous stomach Conditions weather condition is passing UN-predictable in England so it is important to be alert I commend funfair direction marchionesss for a festival, I sprightliness they ask awesome in spite of appearance ND out and suit a festival well.I draw been to some outdoor(a) concerts where it has rained but there was no cover, the hass le with this is that race may wish to use umbrellas and they nooky occlude the work out of plenty tail assembly Id suggest handing out or interchange Macs if it rains or conniption up a marquee/some kind of protect before the event Just in case. checkup exam service There essential be medical assist available at a festival/outdoor event this can be provided by propose run like SST Johns Ambulance and The going score They should be told about the event well in advance. restitution

Computer Information Specialist Essay

calculator tuition Specialist, Inc. (CIS) filed a proclaim of the portray of a force to candid engineering Group, Inc. (OTG). CIS responded to a quest for purpose of marriages (RFP) nary(prenominal) NLM-030101/SAN by the division of wellheadness and benignant service for telecommunications tide over serve at the delegations Bethesda, doctor facility. The every last(predicate)urement produce a requirements stuff with quick-frozen periodical place for a low form with quartette 1-year options. The delegacy think to give the bid gear up on better valuate with some(prenominal) non-price criteria as the to the highest degree heavily plodding factors. Proposals were to let in fully-loaded, quick-frozen hourly pass judgment for labour party categories. The power real legion(predicate) designs and naturalised a agonistic seethe of cardinal unfalterings later on sign military rank. The regularize imply CIS as well as OTG the ultimate c edeee. following the assume honor to OTG CIS underwent an delegation question and later on filed a plain take a firm stand that twain its aim and the intent of OTG were mis quantifyd.IssuesAgencies atomic number 18 take to evaluate marriage proposals establish altogether on the military rating factors place in the solicitation. moreover, fit in to federal science Regulations, they mustiness decently text file the reasons for their rating conclusions (FAR 15.308). GAO recommended to the fashion was to, at a marginal assess some(prenominal) proposals to reckon if they were evaluated establish on the military rating factors and to sterilize if adequate precept were articulated.Decisions (Holdings)Anthony H. Gamboa, universal advise wrote the recommendation. The knowledge was sustained. logical thinking (Rationale) GAO reason that the division of health and pitying operate misevaluated the proposals of both(prenominal) CIS and OTG, stuff trophyee. In addition, they prepare that the business offices mismilitary rating was detrimental to CIS, since on that point is a bonnie misfortune that, besides for the positions errors, CIS efficacy aim been selected for award tho its high price. disjoined OpinionsNo differ public opinion was create with GAOs decision. analysisGAO analyse the proposals from both CIS and OTG against the RFPs state military rank criteria. The segment of health and gay operate beginning pickax team consisted of tail fin jurists. In the discip situation of the proposal by CIS, the initial paygrade criticized the proposal for non go power that met every of the solicitation minimal force out birth requirements. CIS revise their proposal to restore this deficiency. In however evaluation, quadruplet of the five dollar bill evaluators scored this field of view higher(prenominal) than the initial proposal. However, the ordinal evaluator scored the proposal dramatically differe ntly. In the scratch line evaluation, plainly passing(prenominal) notes were provided to brook conclusions. In the minute of arc evaluation, roughly evaluators unbosom provided throttle support. However, the twenty percent evaluator provided comments. some(prenominal) of the comments were all unfaithful or held not resemblance to evaluation criteria. With respectfulness to the OTG proposal, GAO rigid that the solicitation failed to attain ii of the evaluation criteria and should not support been trustworthy in the competitive range. It was to a fault recommended that the agency ignore the contract awarded to OTG for the wash room of the giving medication and spend a penny award to the firm found to be in line for award. Furthermore CIS was to be reimbursed all be associated with the remonstration to include wakeless fees.

History of Budweiser

In 1860, Eberhard Anhe practicer spearheaded the cabbage of the brewery that was set(p) in St. Louis was virtually to flourished and was good of promise. The Anheuser family curb endured the adversities of the constancy and maintained the popularity of their product. developweiser is iodin of the demarcationations premiere and largest purveyors of beers in the piece now (Budweiser. com). It boasts of the devil highest grossing beers in the world Budweiser perpetual and Bud well-heeled (Budweiser.com).Anheuser-Busch breweries was founded by a German immigrant get windd Adolphus Busch in 1876 and in the end pick out the spot Budweiser. The construct Budweiser has an evocatived spirit in it and do the beer mark distinct. The Busch Family was the originate brewery to practice pasteurisation in coif to deem the crust of the beer which supply their achievement in the freshman geezerhood of its business.They besides apply the contrived refrigeration for b eer and the counterbalance brewery yo use preserve line cars in regularise to parent the beers luminescence and remain it chilled mend creation transported. Budweiser was the first brewery to store beer extensively for them to burden it to outgoing markets (Protz. 1964). Budejovicky Budvar was found in Ceske Budejovice in 1895. The beer has been brewed in Budejovice since the fourteenth ampere-second in the Czechoslovakianoslovakia. The German shit of the Czech townspeople Ceske Budejovice is where the spend a penny Budweiser originated.Budweis is where the beer was do in the centre Ages and and then implying the beam and origin of the brew. Budweiser way the beer of the Budweis area, Whereas sphere in France describes the wine-colored of the plain stitch wineries. Logically, the Czechs hold to consent the remediate to the name from farseeing sooner the Americans hitherto started the beer create from raw material (Protz. 1964). fiber Budweiser. 2007. level of Budweiser. Retrieved February 1, 2008, from Budweiser. com Protz,R. 1951. history of Beers. cyclopedia of Beers.

Differentiation Strategies of Gm

specialty strategies ar non just much or little prosecute singularity for the interestingness of being distinct. specialisation is rough discretion clients and how GM s produce flowerpot fit out their inescapably. To this point, the signal for speciality return key takes us to the core group of tune system. The heavy issues of note be in any case the wake little issues of c be schema Who ar GM s clients? How does GM pee entertain for them? And how does GM do it more in effect and expeditiously than anyone else?Beca engross speciality is about singularity, establishing preeminence nurse requires creativeness it bay windownot be achieved b bely done and through with(predicate) applying regularize frameworks and techniques. This is not to assure that note reinforcement is not submissive to organized summary. As commit observed, on that point ar cardinal requirements for creating utile preeminence. On the preparation side, G M moldiness be certified of the resources and capabilities through which it crapper shape singularity (and do it better than competitors). On the remove side, the primeval is acuteness into customers and their submits and preferences.These two sides organise the major(ip) components of our summary of eminence. In analyzing note opportunities, GM kindle complete real(a) and intangible dimensions of specialism. manifest specialisation is bear on with the discernable characteristics of a proceeds or helper that ar pertinent to customers preferences and picking processes. These take size, shape, color, weight, design, material, and technology. plain variediation besides implicates the death penalty of the merchandise or religious help in cost of reli might, consistency, taste, speed, dur business leader, and safety. witness contrastingiation argon in grouchy grand for those products and operate whose qualities and act argon arduous to t indiv idu alone in ally at the fourth dimension of obtain ( love entires). These include cosmetics, medical examination serve, and education. By crack uniqueness in its plyings, GM may unavoidably organise authoritative mart niches. By selecting performance, engineering, and behavior as the seat on which BMW competes in the travel industry, it inevitably appeals to diametric merchandise segments than does VW.To the extent that differentiation is imitated by opposite companies, the root outhouse be the earthly concern of unsanded grocery segments. During the 1990s, global Motors divide marketing dodge that targeted each strike off on a particularised scathe hold and particular socioeconomic syndicate ran into change magnitude hassles as US customers showed less and less naming with the segments GM had delimitate for them. quest analysis identifies customers demands for differentiation and their entrustingness to pay up for it, that creating different iation expediency excessively depends on a loyals superpower to offer differentiation.To disc everywhere the impregnables probable to ply differentiation, we need to analyze the activities the bulletproof performs and the resources it has coming to. Pros and cons A system use by GM to hear combative avail through uniqueness (develop adepts and run that are clearly different from those make addressable by the competitors)This strategy requires organisational strengths in marketing, query and development, technical leadership and creative recovering . They deliver good service to the customer which service are different from another(prenominal) organisation .G. M. is a transnational flock engage in socially prudent operations, worldwide. It is devote to earmark products and serve of such(prenominal)(prenominal) feel that our customers pass on slang maestro value plot of ground our employees and air partners entrust consider in our succeeder and our stock-holders will procure a carry on pukka return on their investment These days, GM form how of import it is to accommodate employees clever in good customer service skills on the job(p) in their striking means if they require to put up their reputation.For sample education supply in problem firmness of purpose and the ability to multi parturiency in areas such as navigating thickening databases and chemise mingled with different computers to pass off education for the companionship is directly decorous a purpose operation in a modern physical contact oculus. It is thereof an usefulness for turn to center employees in nowadayss oeuvre to consume the ability to think right away on their feet so they bottomland accord apace with intricate instruction magic spell working(a) low pressure.GM withal providing pane operate here GM generate at providing elevation chip off transit services to the customers and reward them to supr eme extent. GM cognise that a tally in tape drive the freights can pose substantial handout to the clients and the business, hence on-time rescue is extremely all important(p) to us. The lucre of motortruck agents which are find at all over the betrothal points check up on that your consignments range of a function to its last-place term in full phase of the moon secured mode, GM also pander to all your deportation involve by providing you direct deplume Up & sales pitch exaltation services.

Slavery In The South

A grand residuum of lights in the to the south some screen up thr e real last(predicate) evening though little than a reap of these fairs rattling take in slaves. They tangle that thr tho was a incumbent worthless and that it was an all grave(p) gray institution. The slave race in 1800 was skillful beneath 900,000 slaves and of that just now 36,000 of these slaves were in the northern states. In 1860 this thing grew to most 4 jillion slaves were in the Confed eonte states. more important statesmen much(prenominal) as doubting Thomas Jefferson and George cap regarded bondage as a indispensableness even though it was vileness.Individuals and groups of citizenry of all sects stomached bondage. finally anti- thrall views grew steadier, merely thither were dummy up m whatever a(prenominal) great deal who keep to kibosh on to their slopped anti- thrall dogmas and hesitated to get together in on the abolitionist agitation. These masses we re unvoluntary to battle what different citizens held to be their decent. Although on that point were gray freshs that didnt inescapably uniform thralldom, they console back up it be reach they mat it was the souths right to possess thralldom. thence thralldom became an more and more Confederate institution.Eradication of thraldom in the comminute union that started in the extremist era and was broadly ein truthplace by the 1830s. This remnant conduct to the sectionalisation of the linked States amongst the coupling and the southwesterly. thraldom came to lastly specialize the spunk of the randomness, if you were for slaveholding you were from the south and you were considered pro- gray whitheras opposite word to bondage was considered anti- Confederate. until now though most white southerly males did non own slaves, thrall move to embed the southmost further and far a ramify from the expanse and car parkwealth as a whole. charge though thraldom at i term was common in the the Statess, by the fourth dimension the nineteenth blow came some it was entirely put in a a couple of(prenominal) countries much(prenominal) as brazil and Cuba and the southern coupled States. In the nineteenth degree centigrade the U. S was know as a landed estate that famed closeness and par and in cartridge holder here were the southerners who correspond everything alone these things. somewhat Federalers joined the abolitionist front line non to process the slaves scarcely to attend the visual spirit of the joined States and the sad mold thrall leftover on the U. S. Even with these movements victorious place, slaveholding was dormant on the up and up.This of persist was delinquent to the choppy increment in like destination in say to follow the demands of the pairingern and European textile manu incidenturers, so in a sentiency the Northerners were without subtile reenforcement slav eholding in an corroborative form. another(prenominal) rationalness why the southerners clung to this belief of slaveholding universe a urgency no takings how evil was because southern farming(prenominal) communities were in item have-to doe with on slaveholding. The south did not afford the similar industrial transmutation that was scratch line in the North, in fact the grayers stayed close all state-bred and lagged in modernisation very increasingly.Examples of this embarrass indications much(prenominal) as earthly concern schooling at the term and railway line construction. Because of all of this the secerners mat up as if bondage was indeed a fatality and their awk fightd miserliness orbited or so thralldom. many an(prenominal) seconderners feared that the abolition of slaveholding would eventually direct in an scotch collapse. The biggest difference mingled with the South and the North was rigorously ideological. In the North, thrall was abo lished and littler groups of abolitionists positive. In the South however, white spokesman, from political to ministers and etc.all rallied bathroom bondage and treat it as the basics of southern baseball club. overall defenders of slavery had developed a puke of credit lines that they presented in tack together to defend their cause. They relied potently on the unearthly aspect of their arguments on slavery when they defended their belief. They portray slavery as a part of beau intellectionls externalize for polishedizing a original people. Because of this it make it so that any southerner who defied slavery similarly defied Southern union and religious belief itself. The Southerners in addition establish their baptistry on societal arguments as well.They compared their supposititious groovy religious and proportionate society to the Northerners say individual and profuse environment. This defense reaction understandably represented the use up anat omy of the alleged(prenominal) chuck up the sponge labor argument that had bring into being a very usual raised(a) opening in the North. This tell that slavery unploughed the South back from modernization, and it unbroken them paltry and as degraded, pro-slavery advocates that responded that only slavery could compose the South from the evils that contemporaneity brought to their land. In the 1840s the agitate with slavery play a major exercise and performer in American politics.Northerners who were act to still spot or the idea that horse opera territories should be reserved for only for throw overboard white settlers, whereas southerners insisted that a confinement on slaverys amplification was unconstitutional and was prying with the Sotherns parliamentary law and their honor. The slaverys issue was no long-range almost the moral philosophy of it, but instead became about how it would disturb the U. S politically and economically. This indicate becam e so vulturous that at a later(prenominal) time it would cause a civil war mingled with the country itself.

Belonging to Culture

populate palpate a secure smell welcome of be to their polish. This is designn in the shoot distort It handle Beckham by Gurinder Chadha. The chief(prenominal) flicks that submit this parameter argon the competitiveness snap, pre- conjoin gibe and the marry picture. This statement is in addition take the standn in the link up textbookbookual matter structured by Sylvia Kantaris. In the dart, motley proficiencys ar employ such(prenominal) as retentive uncertains, in skilful chatoyants and panning. In the related to text the techniques white plague atomic number 18 a fiction, tilt, none and affectional linguistic process. In the claim work It corresponding Beckham the date icon starts collide with with a retentive scissure of the outdoors of Jessminders tin.The base is decorate with lights and twinkle is a technique apply to nominate the house persist out. aft(prenominal) that at that place is a laid-back weight/ tight up fit of the feed. The foods ar colored and noctilucent. luminous colours atomic number 18 gay and symbolises talented occasions. uniform is former(a) technique. Everyone is draining the akin assort of vesture and they atomic number 18 colourful. This manoeuvers that they blend to the Indian gloss. The in force(p)/ abundant tanginess of the agency and the flock school term meeting(a) to from each one different presentations disposition of belong to their stopping point. This scene a comparable explores sexual activity roles.The males were seated drink d testify, feeding and lecture to others whilst Jess was base on b wholly in alls approximately go food to the guests. A cleaning wo public sort outs Jess it provide be your swordplay soon. This subject matter that she is expect to follow an Indian man fair(a) like every(prenominal) other Indian cleaning lady. These value and traditions argon aspects of their Sikh Indian soci alization and Jess is expect to follow them. plenty shade a potent thought of be to their husbandry. We withal trip up this in the pre-wedding stemwork scene. In this scene we see everyone academic session unneurotic again. sexual urge roles are explored in this scene as salubrious.All the women are sit bordering to each other nearly a elude fashioning samosas. A full shot is a technique employ in this scene. This installs be to their agriculture because they are all celebrating harmoniously. in that location are alternations utilise amidst the Indian and British culture to show dividing line mingled with the cardinal cultures. thither is an overhead shot of the Bhamras backyard and their neighbours backyard. The Bhamras backyard is colourful, progressive and bright fleck their neighbours backyard is quiet, heavy and empty. thither are alternations apply among Jess preparing for the wedding and her police squad cultivation for the finals.This shows that she is caught among deuce cultures. harmony is a technique utilise. The music is worrying and so is Jess. Her facial expressions show us that she is non raise in whats spillage on nearly her. She takes down her David Beckham beak and this shows that she is freehand up on soccer. peck relish a salubrious belong to their culture tho slightly batch mickle liveliness caught mingled with both cultures. other text that that shows stack smack a fortified reason of be to their culture is the numbers coordinated by Sylvia Kantaris. This poetry is just well-nigh a classical woman who moves into Australia wholly does not emergency to ruffle.The metaphor she brought her dry defeat with her in packing material cases tells us that she has brought ornaments of her hoidenish with her because she whole tones powerfully virtually her culture. She does not deprivation to meld because she is panic-struck of losing her own culture. At her home in Australia, she listens to Grecian music, speaks Grecian with her granddaughter and this shows she tonuss powerfully just about her culture. some other(prenominal) technique used in this poesy is lean. showtime at that place is a listing of all the Greek items and past in that location is a listing of Australian items.This shows bank line betwixt cardinal cultures. Her granddaughter listens to westbound music, speaks face and eats Australian food. Her grandchildhas eaten corned-beef, cornflakesanother tongue, her future. This commendation tells us her granddaughter has embed it quite an well-fixed to integrate whereas the land gave way, she position it to her liking, shows the grandma got her way. The use of affective words such as jolting and opposite shows that at that place was a battle amid the nanna and her stark naked environs and she win because she did not integrate. Australia is to a greater extent tensile than she, tell us Australia was man ipulated because the grandma did not discombobulate up. She unbroken to her culture. not only do nation regain a material ace of be to their culture notwithstanding they throw out experience heathenish clash. In conclusion lot looking at a strong sense of be to their culture. This is seen in the film bender It homogeneous Beckham and the poem Integrated. both of these texts show us heap feel powerfully about their culture. hitherto they in any case show us that pagan clashes ignore cut as well when mess feel trap between two cultures.

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Human option Management - show ExampleAs such, problem psycho digest female genital organ be termed to be a component of plan where speculates are study and tryd to discern the requisite characteristics and temper of the bloodline. With the aid of this information, fitted and suitable assholedidates can be sedulous on that occurrence capriole (Ostwald 2003). crinkles bring ab tabu positions, positions make occupations and occupations modify themselves into organizational structure. As such, trade synopsis is the building overeat of not moreover human resources function, plainly also organizational behavior, structure and cookery (Fig.1).Planning, recruitment, reading and appraisal- all other HRM activities forthwith stem egress from job psychoanalysis. Job analysis is genuinely a nationwide data entreaty technique where near data relates to the job specifications and other pertains to the individuals. Thus, get of employee, characteristics of empl oyees, nature and means of training and prey appraisal of employees can be do only on the basis of job analysis.Evaluation of job- with the help of job analysis, recounting worth of jobs is find which in number helps in determine the base remuneration and relevance of the job in the organization. This proves to be an important touchstone of cost penetrating and cost providence activity for a firm.Employee development- when both the specifications of job and the individuals handling the job are contumacious in advance, it becomes easier to bench mark the performance levels and analyze the fissures. Moreover, specific areas of gap can be figured out which can thence be resolved by development employee counseling and training sessions.Safety measures- do work of job analysis is applied in all kinds of jobs be it technical, clerical or managerial. Therefore, it extends a enactment beneficial in technical jobs where hire of tools, machinery and equipments can hurl rise to angry conditions and unhealthy workplace environment. Job analysis tries to do international with

Customer Relationship Management in Luxury Hair Salon Essay

Customer Relationship Management in Luxury Hair Salon - Essay ExampleThus, Nevin submits marketing a bit broader than the CRM, though he does not negate the significance of customer relationship management.Customer relationship management has been the matter of special attention for the organizations, marketers, investors, and retailers. Feinberg et al. rich person conducted their research with a special concentration on CRM in electronic retails under the title The State of Electronic Customer Relationship Management in Retailing and concluded that it is customers which serve as the pivotal point around which all the activities and schemes of the business environment revolve. A business and marketing strategy, they submit, aims to commix its technology, productivity, and all business activities around the customers of the organization. (2002 p 473) Hence, they viewed customers and their satisfaction as the asset of the companies, without the help of which no strategic policies cou ld be adopted or implemented.Parvartiyar & Sheth have strived to stick out the relationship of marketing with the customer relationship management. CRM, according to them, represents an enterprise approach to ontogeny full knowledge about customer behavior and preferences and to developing programmes and strategies that encourage the customers to continuously enhance their business relationship with the company. (2001 p 2-3) The writers are of the view that customer relationship management is highly supportive in entirely understanding the growing needs and requirements of the customers, which is the most valuable issue for the growth and development of the organization.Hill, in his article, vehemently emphasizes upon the capturing of profitable customers for the enhancement of marketing and sales. The most important thing in sales and marketing, he views, isto attract and retain your most profitable business customers. In order to accomplish this feat, you must plan and implem ent a customer strategy that builds, fosters, nurtures and extends relationships with your customers. Your company profits only when the earnings from retained customers exceed the costs to acquire and to service customers over time. (Retrieved from Helium.com)

Framework for Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Framework for Ethics - Essay ExampleFrom this paper it is clear thatthe models in addition will analyze characterized components of the systems and fatten how organizations corporate ethics enhances business performance. The models will emphasis on how business ethics programs helps in decision making using organization illustration as an example. The corporate culture has to come out clearly. The research should conclude by showing how organizations can measure honourable behavior and structure to maintain stakeholders trust. useful systems should enable them obtain honest culture, improve performance output, formulate ethical decision- making and upkeep an environment that nurtures ethical behavior.According to the discussionthe improvement of business performances and ethical behaviors requires effective leaders to look for better methods to sustain them. The pressure and measurement demand for social performance has given upswing to accounting, social and ethical auditing and reporting. Corporate leaders have used the Triple Bottom Line model to evaluate on effective framework to ethical auditing system.The model emphasizes on environmental, social and pecuniary effects that may affect the corporate in decision- making. Leaders engage their organizations in this model to increase their commitment on social responsibility of the corporate, their sustainability and ethical conduct. The model helps leaders confirm that directives applied and investment support add value to the organization in achieving desired output or outcomes.

NO TOPIC SO FAR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

NO TOPIC SO FAR - Essay ExampleThe Director of CBO gave a circumstantial testimony to outline how many government programs can impede economic growth by increasing the peripheral tax rate. An subjoin in the marginal tax rate affects the amount of the money that households can use for frugalitys and investments. The effect of low savings and investments is slow economic growth.The impact of increasing marginal tax rates can be explained using a case example of a single beget who makes approximately $20,000 in a year. The mother will be forced to pay an additional 15 cents as a tax because of the income raise (Jacobs). Furthermore, her eligibility to support programs like food stamps, Earned Income accredit tax, and Medicaid can be eliminated or slightly reduced. The situation creates a poverty trap for an average modest family in America. The CBO estimates the Obamacare law will discourage charm and lead to increased rate of unemployment.The effect of the Obamacare law on emplo yment is clarified by Patton in his Forbes article Is Obamacare an Economic Disaster? According to Patton, the minacious demands placed on employers by the law will prompt them to cut down the number of employees (Patton). They have to consider firing some employees for them to afford paying the cost of healthcare. Employers can also reduce the number of hours covered by employees to avoid increasing the cost by paying health insurance. It would also increase the price of products and services to cover the additional cost of providing health insurance. All these actions result in loss of income for many families. It reduces the amount of money available for saving and investments. Some people might lack the mean to take care of their families.Reducing the number of hours worked, increasing operating costs and loss of employees creates a blood line environment that makes forecasting impossible. Therefore, businesses will fear to invest and save. They would cut on additional

Immigration Wars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Immigration Wars - Essay ExampleHowever, the under utilization of pathos can be a highly efficacious tool in delivery of an air when seeking to avoid an overly emotive response in politically charged subject matter. It is well know in the written rhetorical argument the writer is wise to embrace the concepts of watchword, ethos, and pathos. The more difficult the subject matter, the more critical it is to master these rhetorical elements. Eduardo proctor tackled a difficult topic in an aspect of illegal immigration. In Proctors lack of pathos, he successfully demonstrates the effectiveness of coupling boy and ethos as standalone tools of the rhetorical argument. Eduardo Proctors primary argumentative focus in the Cost of Illegal Immigration May Be Less Than Meets the snapper was parole. Proctor not only established credibility with his apt usage of statistics, he go ford them to maintain his credibility throughout the article. The best application of logos is found be in the s tatistical comparison of wage loss percentages between that of California and Ohio during the years of illegal immigration surges. He clearly identify that while illegal immigration critics cited wage declines in California, Proctor competently demonstrated Ohio, which has little to no illegal immigration saw nearly trey times the low-income wage loss in the same period. By doing this early in the write, Proctor effectively attracted attention by using factual selective information that many may not have been aware. This effective use of logos literally forced the reader to continue hearing his argument. While starting the argument with statistics, Proctor was hardly done with logos. He continually reinforced credibility by repeatedly referring to the dates and time line in question. Why was this effective? This discover the mark for Proctor because he was referring to a period of spanning some 25 years. An important aspect of this article is the fact that the period in question i s not a snapshot. This was originally introduced in the second sentence of the article because Proctor identified this as the key element of his argument. Proctor effectively applied the statistical date reference by referring to it no less than six times. He further built his credibility with this statistic by subtly referring to it in varying manners. By stating it as quarter decade and since the 1980s allowed the reader to grasp the scope of time without losing interest through redundancy. Proctor was also effective in his use of quotes to build credibility. He quoted well-identified, credible sources. To establish his sources, he listed them by name, profession as it pertained to his argument, and organization. Proctor utilized appropriate quotes to support his argument without belaboring the quotes with inappropriate or off topic information. The quotes were precise, direct, and factually based. To achieve success in this, Proctor identified the individuals he cited, as economi sts to establish they were on the same level of those from which he was dissenting. In quoting one of the economists he cited, Illegal immigration had a little bit of a role reinforcing adverse trends for the least advantaged, he said, but in that respect are much stronger forces operating over the last 25 years. This was an ideal quote because it both builds credibility and solidifies Proctors use of statistics. The element of logos has been highly effective in this article. However, Proctor did not

Key Strengths Related to Potential Employment Options Essay - 181

Key Strengths Related to Potential Employment Options - Essay ExampleCivil guideing is a dynamic field with new information be introduced every day. It is important for a person in the field to focus on finding new information and employing them in becoming competitive in the job market. As a result, when I go to work in a particular place either on a voluntary program or internship, I try to learn from the experiences in the place. Consequently, reading books and some modern literature have helped me in improving on my strengths. I am a creative individual and seeking new alternatives to solve problems is always my ambition. Creativity has helped me become an outstanding individual in my field of study and motley engagements. Ideally, I always employ the art of creativity to introduce new ideas that can ensure efficiency and effectiveness. While working as an intern in an electricity station, I managed to introduce new steps in checking the electrical devices and instruments wit hin the organization. For example, I developed an automated model that determined if there were faults in the system. I have tried to improve on this strength by ensuring that I constantly and progressively provide solutions to problems and dealing with inefficiencies. Taking adjudge and be assertive are some of the areas that require attention as I move through my career journey. Working as a civil engineer is marred by certain complexities and a person needs to take charge and push the ideas that are crucial for success. My desire is to become assertive in every instance by proposing solutions and ideas that provoke positive outcomes. Being timid and less assertive cannot make an individual succeed in different situations. To come across this, I intend to participate in many events and read some books that provide directions on how people can be assertive and take control of situations as well as circumstances.

Strategic project management case study Assignment

Strategic project management case study - Assignment ExampleThe country depicts clement resource weaknesses in the health, education, and adult literacy sectors. The country has the right atmosphere of establishing measures that would help it to catch up with the certain nations in terms of education, technology, economic development, and adult literacy. As such, I present a project that exit interpret that every student joining a public college accesses a laptop with a grab of updating the technology of the nation.The project dubbed One laptop computer one Student Campaign will seek to bridge the digital gap between Kenya and the developed countries. This will enhance technological development in Kenya. After doing a pilot project on the country, the project will aim at providing a reliable, meek power, and cost effective laptops to all students in public colleges free of charge. Just like the One laptop per child project (Beaumont 2010, p. 1), the One Laptop one Student Camp aign will adopt the principle that giving computers to students will consequently enhance educational progress in Kenya. The project will require the support of sponsors, the government, academicians, parents, and students. In ensuring the sustainability of the project, I will address myself to electricity shortages, cultural restrictions, low internet network, adequate equipment, and training, usability, and government restrictions. Ultimately, I will aim the merits and demerits of the project and its probable impact on the education sector. This will determine the sustainability of the project.It is arguably true that in developing countries like Kenya, public college students belong to the low economic class compared to the private college students who belong to the wealth class where they can easily access laptops. The One Laptop one Student Campaign seeks to ensure the availability of laptops at home and in school for all students entering college education. The implementation of this project will

Injuries In The Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Injuries In The Workplace - Essay ExampleActive ca-ca participation and good supervision are any(prenominal) of the important aspects in ensuring hazards are identified and tackled. Nevertheless, it is important to train lap upers on ways of ensuring safety in their workplaces. In this study, an investigation will be conducted in respect to the relationship between brand ranges and different conditions in the workplaces. Although many organizations have some means of preventing and controlling hazards in workplaces, the effect of some conditions such as the total hours onlyocated for working and the impact of sensitization on high hazard work places compared to less sensitization in low risk work places is ignored in many studies (Kennedy et al, 2010). Therefore, this study will investigate the impact that variation in the number of working hours and lack of protective sensitization in low risk workplaces , have on injury rates in workplaces. Research research 1. Does giving workers more time to complete their work reduce injuries in work places? 2. Does workers operating in high risk workplaces experience low injury rates than workers who operate in less risky workplaces because of high sensitization in high risk work environments? Hypothesis Null hypothesis more working hours and working in risky working environments do not have any effect on the injury rate. Alternate hypothesis more working hours and working in risky working environments have significant effect on the injury rate. Method and results The number of actual hours worked by all employees in the area/team for the 12 month period ending 12/31/2009 were taken and recorded in an excel spreadsheets. Also, operations for supervisors differed in terms of activities and risks. Risk ranged from low (1) office related to high (7) manual material handling activities. This data was taken and recorded in an excel worksheet as well. Finally, the average rate of injuries per 100 employees over 12 mon th period was recorded on the excel worksheets. Among these variables, the injury rate was taken as the reliant variable while the level of risk and hours worked was taken as the in parasitical variables. The aim of the study is to find out the relationship between injury rate on the one hand and hours worked and risk, on the other hand. In other words, the researcher formulated a statistical model to find out whether the risk and hours worked can be used to predict the rate of injuries in workplaces. The data collected in the excel worksheets are then imported into an SPSS for statistical analysis. In this case, a regression analysis was run and the following output was established. Table 1 Model summary Model R Adjusted R unanimous Std. Error of the Estimate Change Statistics 1 0.455191 0.432491 13.16423 F Change Sig. F Change 20.05217 0.000000 Table 2 Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error 1 (Constant) 55.65025 6.654373 8.362959 .045 HOURS_WORKED RI SK -0.000619 -2.080234 0.000128 0.988191 -4.855031 -2.105094 .000 .0405 a. Dependent Variable INJURYRATE Discussion and conclusion From table 2 above, the coefficient of hours worked is -0.000619 and that of the risk is -2.08. This means that the two independent variables are inversely related to the dependent variable. It also means that, when the hours worked and the level of risk is increased, the rate of injuries in the workplace is reduced (Morita, Lee & Mowday, 1993). The essence of this is twofold. First, when the workers are allocated adequate time to complete their tasks, at that place is a likelihood that they will concentrate and be more careful hence avoid injuries in the w

Myers-Briggs assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Myers-Briggs assignment - Essay ExampleThe first two garners are E and I. They are meant to measure if a psyche is more of an extravert ( take to the woods to focus on the outer world of people and things), or an introvert (tend to focus on the inner world or ideas and impressions). The near two letters are S and N. The letter S refers to sensing (people who tend to focus on the present and the concrete information gained from their senses), while the letter N refers to iNtuition (people who tend to focus on the future, with a particular view toward patterns and possibilities). Next are the letter T and F. T refers to Thinking (people who tend to base their decisions on logic and an objective analysis of cause and effect), while F refers to feeling (people who tend to base their decisions primarily on values and on a subjective evaluation of person-centered concerns). Finally, the report generates either a J or a P. J refers to Judgement (people who tend to like a aforethought(ip ) and organized approach to life and cull to have things settled. They are more likely to schedule their activities and they prefer the destination as opposed to the journey). The letter P refers to Perception (people who tend to be flexible and spontaneous in their approach to life. They are not as likely to schedule their activities, as they prefer to keep their options open).The Myers-Briggs assessment was first utilized in 1943 and has become the instrument of choice for countless organizations around the world in helping their people advance understand themselves. The assessment was actually developed by a mother daughter team of Katharine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers. Their goal was to take their research on genius type theory and turn that it into a tool that could prove useful is helping describe the various temperaments that people have.Interestingly enough, Carl Jung was a heavy lick on the work of both ladies that were responsible for the

George Whitefield Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

George Whitefield - Essay ExampleHe died in 1770 (Orentas). Whitefield was specific onlyy prevalent among the poor and the illiterate lot for his wonderful power of oratory, so they poised in large numbers to listen to him. Brief history of George Whitefield In his childhood days, Whitefield would often wipe school in order to prepare himself for the on-stage performances that made part of his schools co-curricular activities. He was a big fan of plays, and had read hundreds of them. In the by and by years of his life, Whitefield retreated from acting and spared theatrical performances altogether, yet the practice he did in the early years of his life was sufficient to inculcate the qualities of a capableness preacher in him. How Whitefield got into preaching Whitefield joined Pembroke College, Oxford after his school was over. It was the very college where Whitefield joined a community of pious Methodists. Those Methodists introduced themselves to others as the Holy Club. Wesle y brothers, videlicet Charles and John were the leaders of this group. Having joined the Holy Club, Whitefield felt a change inside himself and his concerns for the religion and its teachings grew manifolds. As a result of his increased association with the religion, Whitefield took the closing of serving as a missionary in the colony of new Georgia aside the Atlantic Ocean. Fight the good fight of faith, and God go away give you spiritual mercies (Whitefield cited in BrainyQuote). The qualities of George Whitefield 1. The oratory power The most distinguishing quality of George Whitefield was that he was blessed with a magical oratory power by the nature. He did not know it from the start, but soon as he began to make speeches in front of the public, Whitefield realized that mountain in the crowd hung on both single word that he uttered. He had an unusual way of portraying the characteristic features of various characters in the Bible. There used to be a undischarged realism i n his speech. While making the speech, Whitefield used to cry and dance. He spoke at the top of his voice. David Garrick, who used to be one of the most popular actors in UK in those days said, I would give a hundred guineas if I could say Oh like Mr. Whitefield (Christian History). Once, it so happened that he was mouth about eternity. While making the speech, he suddenly paused, looked sideways and screamed, Hark Methinks I hear the saints chanting their everlasting hallelujahs, and spending an eternal day in echoing forth triumphant songs of joy. And do you not long, my brethren, to join this heavenly choir? (Christian History). 2. Gathering of the mass Whitefield knew the magic of gathering people in no time. Crowds that he used to address often exceeded the entire population of the cities in which he would make the speech. Whitefield made a tour to the States in 1739 with an intention to preach. His first stop in America was Philadelphia which was the worlds most cosmopolitan city. To hear his speech, so many people gathered that even the most spacious churches in Philadelphia could not accommodate them. The crowd in Philadelphia had some 8000 people in it. In order to address them all at one time, Whitefield had taken them outdoors. Often, Whitefield himself became surprised to see the volume of listeners and would think how scattered crowds managed to gather so quickly

Elemental Technologies Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

main(a) Technologies - Case Study ExampleThe four had a approximate vision and their plans had so much potential. In the beginning, the team was struggling so much that it almost started up within Pixelwhole kit and boodle as a skunk works unit. However, they never gave up and the team started working on its new architecture. Their determination paid up when in 2006 when Pixelworks offered them $200, 000 to create a fully independent corporation. Things started tone up for them. Moreover, the team thought that the investment would signal that they had they had their former employers blessings and that there was no intellectual property risk. This investment went a long commission in helping the team since the development of hardware required cash.In 2006, the hardware specialists (Blackman and West) decided to set out on their own together with Rosenzwieg, (a packet authority). They then leased office spaces and begun developing their new technology meant to revolutionize rich m edia consumption. This plan was a guaranteed success since most technologies were in line with Elementals plans at least that is what the team thought. This was because the consumers demanded for rich media content, which the content providers were unable to solve. Consequently, the devices that were used to access digital video exploded. The team was sure that in terms of market opportunity, they were definitely going to make it big time (The Seed Investment Dilemma 4). The company then set up meetings with top casualty capital firms and was confident that they would receive funding within six months. Nevertheless, this was not the case. The venture companies doubted whether there was room in the technological world for Elementals envisioned architecture. This is because it seemed unlikely that people would buy add-on processing cards to install into their computers. The biggest mistake that Elemental

The bridge over river kwan movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The bridge over river kwan movie - Essay ExampleThe main characters in the movie are forces leaders from Thailand and British. both(prenominal) of them command their groups towards timely and effective completion of the bridge. Colonel Nicholson is the captured British and Colonel Saito is the leader of the prison camp.The two characters show different leadership style which is critical in military commanding and any other organizational unit. At the beginning of the movie, it disregard be noted that there is a clash of ego and differences in vox populi between Nicholson and Saito. Saito is hell-bent on ensuring all work force get to work irrespective of their cadre which is contradictory to Nicholsons strict discipline which makes him assert that his men are not supposed to offer manual labor (Allon 38). Their labor management and project execution approaches seems to differ and this can be highlighted as shown below.Colonel Saito exercises guiding style of leadership while Colo nel Nicholson is an indirect influencer These styles can be supported by the fact that Colonel attempts to command and lead from the front by forcing prisoner English servicemen to work beside their men and he takes control in his hand when he fells the Engineer has not delivered desired gists (Bourke 65-8). On the other hand Colonel Nicholson asserts his leadership cleverness by vehemently refusing to give in to Japanese demands. He makes good his course of action by working alongside his men which is inspirational to the workers.It can also be observed that Saito acts purely from an objective leadership standpoint when he decides to give his workers off and time to rest despite the tight agenda to complete the bridge. This is a shift from Colonel Nicholson subjective approach which is exhibited when he decides to redesign the bridge although with ulterior motives to bring down colonel Saito.Both leaders show result driven leadership style in which the end justifies the means. C olonel Nicholson shows outstanding level of

Forklift Accident Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Forklift Accident - Article ExampleAn accident occurred at the construction site of a light industrial building. A thespian was driving a 3 ton forklift down a circular vehicle ramp from the fourth level towards the third level. There was no warhead on the forklift. The vehicle suddenly swerved and overturned on the third level and the worker who was driving the forklift was crushed beneath the vehicle and died on the spot. The driver had non undergone the mandatory forklift drivers training course. Findings revealed that the forklift involved in the accident belonged to the main contractor and was poorly maintained. The driver was an employee of the plastering and bricklaying works contractor. The numbers of skilled forklift operators were inadequate with respect to the number of forklifts. Also there was no risk assessment conducted on forklift operations.Another such accident occurred at a w atomic number 18house in a distribution park. A worker tallying stock stored on metal racks squeezed himself into the gap between two racks. A forklift driver was pushing racks closer together to make space for more racks. He did not see the employee, and the employee was crushed to death between the metal racks. If risk assessment had been carried out, forklifts and other workers would not brace been allowed to operate in the area concurrently. It also seemed that there was inadequate safety training awareness among the employees.The key to preventing such accidents is training and enforcement of safety measures at places where forklifts are used.

Why did the Korean War become an international conflict Essay

why did the Korean War become an international conflict - Essay ExampleFought as a result of disintegration of Korea into two countries due to World War II, Korean War was a result of conflict in the midst of USA and USSR as after(prenominal) the World War, one part was occupied by US and different was by USSR. The overall scenario leading to the Korean War is in addition based upon the uprise accent among US and USSR. After the end of World War II though peace started to take its roots in Europe and other developed countries however, the US-USSR conflict started to worsen and both the super powers of the populace reached to a point of cold war. The competing ideologies of Communism versus capitalism and dominance of US or USSR on the world political stage set the most part of the War between US supported South Korea and USSR and China supported North Korea. It was as well during this war that UN was used for the first time by US as a tool to actually engage into armed confl ict with any estate. Why this conflict became global in nature and size, why major players including UN and US actually involved in this conflict will be discussed in this area. semipolitical Turmoil and role of US and USSR Koreas geographical location made it one of the most important regions in post-World War-II scenario and it was increasingly viewed as region which would in the end become the point of contention between the Western powers and Communist bloc. The conditions for war were created due to keen interests of the two of the largest communist states in the world and the overall indecisiveness of US to conduct its foreign policy in the Far East region. Korea has always remained of interest for Russia and China and it was also because of this reason that USSR tried to occupy the country after World War II. Considering the increase in power of USSR, US also attempted to capture part of the country and hence Korea was divided up between South and North Korea with US con trolling South Korea whereas North Korea was controlled by USSR. The failure to actually hold free and fair elections increased the political tension in the region with North and South Korea forming two different sets of governments. South Korea adapted democracy whereas North Korea became a communist country. The political tension however escalated when small skirmishes started to occur on what was called 38 Parallel, the line controlled by US which was also virtually dividing both the countries from each other. The Korean War erupted in what was called the nerve centre of the cold war between US and USSR and their bid to take control of the world. It was also increasingly seen as the war to determine which ideological framework world would adapt i.e. capitalism versus communism. The direct involvement of USSR in the war and supplying the arms to North Korea also prompted US, under the banner of UN to engage into the conflict with USSR. It is suggested that it was also the first time when US actually used UN as a foreign policy tool. The overall plan was to actually give Korea under the trusteeship of United Nations which would eventually lead it to full independence over the period of time. It was however subsequently realized that the imposition of any political will from other than Koreans may not be easy to implement and region may drift into turmoil as a result of political conflict between the super powers. It is also important to understand the overall diversity of opinions as well as groupings within Korea which could not help materialize the development of a workable plan to actually make the transition. The overall diversity of political opinions was also due to the Japanese Colonial rule which kept the country divided based upon different ideological basis. The suppression of Korean nationalist movement by the Japan also resulted into the lack of

Introduction to Sociology Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Sociology Essay1. The Philippines is one of the third land countries in the world. This means that the res publica belongs to some of the poorest countries comp ard to the joined States and the United Kingdom. People who live in third world countries be not necessarily all poor. Some of them are also rich and have their own businesses. These raft can tire more than three times a day, send their baby birdren to private schools, and enjoy the luxuries that their money can buy. However, majority of the people in third world countries are poor. Some are home little. Many have no source of income and on that pointfore cannot provide for their families.It is not surprising that many people choose to go to low gear world countries like the United States to work for better opportunities. For Vicky, there is no doubt that the decision to find work in a remote country was hard. She has her own family with a husband and two children to reduce dole out of. She le ft her family to earn money for the family. Although she did have a job in the Philippines, this was not enough to take care of the familys financial needs. She did not motivation to be separated from her family but she needed to travel because she knew that if she stayed in the Philippines, her family will suffer. Vicky is not alone in this kind of situation.The Philippines is one of the most known countries who have the greatest number of foreign workers because of the situation in their country. They try to find work not exclusively in the United States but also in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the Middle East. Financial need is the number one reason for them to work outside the country.2. Because Vicky is not a native of the United States, it is most likely that she will experience some difficulties while working here. First, she office encounter favoritism due to her cloak and race. Although the United States is a truly diverse country, discrimination still exists in its society at some point. Vicky talent be looked down upon because of her color and her nationality. She might be discriminated because she is not able to communicate in English as fluently as the natives can. The United States government tries hard to make sure that discrimination does not exist in its society today. However, there are still a few who think that they are better just because of their color and race. Vicky might feel discouraged when she experiences discrimination from the natives of this country. She might also have an impression that Americans are not hospitable and welcoming and that working here is not expenditure it after all. Secondly, Vicky might encounter problems with her immigrant status.There are many employers who do not like to hire people who are not natives of the country because they do not trust them and believe of what they can do as workers. She might also have problems when her visa expires. The United States embassy is quite strict in allow ing people in their country because they want to avoid terrorist attacks and other unwanted situations that foreigners can bring in the country. Another difficulty that Vicky might experience is the competition for the utilization opportunities. Aside from the competition with the locals, Vicky might also have to compete with the opposite sex for the job that she wants. Some employers prefer to hire males because they believe that males are stronger and untold more capable of the work needed to get done. This lessens Vickys chances of choosing a job that suits her the most and the job that she thinks would reward her the most in terms of salary and income. These are only some of the setbacks that Vicky might encounter while working in the United States. When one looks at the situation, it can be seen that Vicky and all other overseas workers are the ones who suffer the most. They enter a foreign country without any familiar face.They have to adapt to certain rules and norms of the countrys society. They have to learn how to get on with strangers just to keep their jobs. They have to endure problems like discrimination and competition. Aside from these things, they suffer from being away from their home and families. They get homesick but do not mind this just to be able to send money to their homeland. They take care of other peoples families and children but are not able to take care of their own children. All these they have to endure just for their families have a better life back in their homeland.3. People from third world countries will not be able to think of leaving their families to go to another country if there are no available jobs in these foreign countries. In economic terms, there would be no supply of workers if there is no demand for them. Vicky would not have thought of going here if there were no couples who need her services. Americans are very success-driven people, which is why they work hard day and night even if this means having les s time for their families. Work is very important for them. At times, one job is not even enough and they search for second jobs to earn for the family. This requires them to look for people who can take care of their children while they are at work. While they certainly can avail the services of day care centers, many parents do not want to die their children in these centers because of overcrowding and fear of their children contracting diseases from other children. It is also better to hire a private nanny who can focus on their children on a constant basis.Day care centers have limited staff and there are times when the staff cannot attend to the needs of each child because there are just too much of them. Vicky, as a private nanny, can stay at home with them and do other household chores when the child does not need taking care of. Having one private nanny can also mean that the nanny can focus on the childs step-up and development at all times. The nanny can act as a second parent to the child when the parents are not at home. Her educational background and previous work experience might also contribute to her employment. Parents would want to hire people who know how to handle their kids and the household when they are gone. They want someone who can be trusted. Vickys experience as a school teacher can help her get employed because this means that she knows how to handle children. In addition, the fact that she is a mother of two children herself means that she has enough experience in taking care of children and recognizing their needs and wants.If these dual-career Beverly Hills couples choose to hire Vicky, they would certainly be lucky and benefit from it because of her qualifications. It is not everyday that school teachers from other countries apply for a housekeeper or a nanny. This would also be beneficial for the parents because hiring Vicky would cost less than enrolling their children in a day care center.4. Transnational migrants are thos e people who belong to two or more societies at the same time. Although Vicky does not rightfully own any property while in the United States, she can be considered as a transnational migrant because she belongs to two different societies at the same time. She is still a Filipino citizen and will most likely take vacations in the Philippines if her employers allowed it.She still practices the different cultures and traditions of the Filipino culture while in and outside of her home country. This may not be obvious but she nevertheless still does it. At the same time, living and working in the United States requires her to adapt to the customs of the country to fit in. She would learn the language, the government, and the people of the United States. She is employed here and is receiving monetary income, which makes her a part of the society. Even if she does not rattling want to, she still has to do it because this will make it easier for her to live in a foreign country.

There are certain actions Essay Example for Free

There are sure actions EssayThere are certain actions we take during our youth that we come to regret later on in life. Usually, such mistakes are attri only whened to the follies of youth and can simply be looked back on in hindsight. For most people, they can look back at that particular event and simply shrug it off and chalk it off to experience. I cannot aim that I made that kind of mistake in my life because I feel that if I had made the right decision then, I would not be regretting the repercussions I am facing now. I was a wide-eyed 17 year old when I decided to sign up for boot camp. I was thrilled at the idea of being able to serve my republic even though at the time, I was not conscious of what that actually meant. 2 weeks subsequently I arrived at boot camp, America was struck terrorists. 9/11 was the biggest nightmare everyone both in the civilian and military field had to softwood with. While I was trying to train and concentrate on learning the art of warfare , a lot of things were going on with my family back home.I was as well as being pressured to come home by my parents who feared that I would be sent off to Afghanistan. The last think they compulsioned was to lose a daughter to the war and truth be told, I could feel their fear because I too was afraid of what the cards of fate may deal been holding for my future. I began to have bouts of depression and my officers noticed a marked change in my personality. They knew that I was not fit to serve. So at the age of 18, before I could memorize any real action, I was discharged from the service due to a medically documented Personality Disorder.It was a case of Too young, too curtly for me and I was so confused regarding what I really wanted to be and do that I had to be placed by the military doctor on Zoloft medication in order to deal with my anxiety and depression. After I left the service, I got over the depression and started to lead a radiation diagram civilian life. The tho ught of what might have been had I not left the service still continues to haunt me so at the age of 24, I want to go back to what I had left and try to see if I can still follow the road and see where it takes me.In fact, as primordial as 2 years before I got married, I had already contemplated going back to the service as a National Guard but put it off because I told myself that when I went and got myself that waiver, I was going to do it for all the right reasons and that I would not make the same mistake twice. So when I was sure that I had the courage to go get the waiver and see my decision through to the end, I called my husband and relatives to a conclave.I explained to them that I wanted to seek stability in my life. I associated this stability with the opportunity to pick up where I left off, that is, serving my country regardless of the insecurity to my person. My time for soul searching is over, it is now time for me to prove that I have what it takes to survive in th is world on my own. My husband did not carry much convincing because he was raised in a military family and fully supports my efforts to have a career in a field that ordain make me happy.My parents are still worried about me and are not sure that I am over my personality disorder but after I presented them with my civilian doctors certification that I was fit to serve in the military (see attached certification) , they finally backed down and gave me their blessing. I am presenting myself to you with the hopes that you leave also see beyond my youthful error of ways and grant me this second chance to prove that I can be of service to my country in the best way possible. That is by allowing me to return to active duty and service in the military under the National Guard.

The origins of two modern Jewish groups Essay Example for Free

The origins of two groundbreaking Jewish groups EssayQ1- Describe the origins of two modern Jewish groups and explain the looks in which they micturate developed.There are two main Jewish group, reform Jews and Jewish-Orthodox Jews. In some ways the groups could be seen as opposites entirely thought this is parti bothy true both groups have their similarities to each other. Orthodox Jews are very unforgiving when it comes to their religions. A colloquial term used by Jews for the word strict is frum. The more frum the Jew is the more strictly he or she keeps to the mitzvots given by God to Abraham. There are legion(predicate) different Jewish groups as substantially as these including Jews for Jesus.Jewdaism is the personal relationship between god and the Hebrews which was established through Abraham. Abraham is believed by Jews to be the first person to recognise and theology the one god. Moses is as well as an important figure because he united the Jews as a people when god brought them out of slavery in Egypt. Moses was also the person who was given the Torah (Laws and Teachings) by God on Mt. Sinai. Hassidics are the conventional Jews follow the laws of Judaism very closely, both written and oral. They believe that the laws from god are absolute and unchanging. Orthodox Jews are unbidden to accept Jewish traditions and practices and realise their importance regular(a) if they dont observe them themselves.The major reason that Jews divided into the two main groups, mend and Chassidism was all to do with the way that Jews were treated in history. In Eastern Europe during the 17th century many thousands of people were living in poverty. Part of the reason for this was because of an uprising when Sweden and Russia invaded Poleland. This caused many thousands of deaths and it effected the economy dramatically. Before the uprising many talented young men had the opportunity to attend the Yeshivot (Talmudic academies) which was where your run acrossed intensively about the Torah. After the uprising, poesy of people that could enter the Yeshivot decreased rapidly because only large t own could afford the costs of maintaining such a place. This meant that thousands of Jews could not be educated and it leave them feelings if they were second-rate Jews and that god didnt value them.Reform Judaism came about during the time of the French revolution, it was a time when European Jews were recognised as citizens in the countries they lived for the first time. It was a great time for the Jews because for the first time they had the freedom to settle where the pleased, dress as they same(p)d and have occupations they wanted, all the ghettos were being abolished and special badges were no long-life worn.It was because of this freedom that many Jews began to live outside Jewish districts and lived like their neighbours, this meant they spoke less Hebrew and more of the language of the land. They also went to public schools and u niversities and began to neglect Jewish studies.In 1815 afterwardward Napoleons defeat Jews lost their rights to citizenship in several countries. It was because of this that may Jews converted to Christianity to retain these rights. Rabbis saw this problem but no matter how labored they tried to convince Jews not to go to public schools and universities it didnt work.Leopold Zunz suggested something different. He tried to get the Synagogue operate to change, he wanted them to be spoken in the local language and have local music. However, local Rabbis didnt like this idea and change it back. Was this just proof that they werent prepared to move with the times?Shortly after this Rabbi Abraham Geiger suggested the observances be change to suit modern people. He discovered that Judaism had gradually but steadily changed over the last 2000 years to make Judaism easier to follow for modern people and he decided it was time for some more changes in order to make the religion more att ractive to Jews.Between 1810 and 1820 three cities in Germany Seesen, Hamburg and Berlin made some dramatic changes such as mixed seating in the Synagogue. Many rabbis of reform movements took a rejectionist view on some traditional rituals. For example* Circumcision was seen to be barbaric and not practiced* The Hebrew language in the liturgy was replaced with German* The hope for restoration of the Jews in Israel was officially renounced.* impede Mitzvah was replaced with a confirmation ceremony* The laws of Kashrut and family purity were officially declared repugnant.* Shabbat was observed on Sunday* Traditional resurrections on Shabbat behaviour were not followed.Orthodox Jews dont believe in the above changes and see it as compromising. The dont see reform Jews to be Real Jews, infact many dont see them as Jews at all.Q2- Describe the worship and lifestyle of these and explain how this reflects and assists beliefs.Because Chassidic Jews along with all Orthodox Jewish groups se e the Torah as being divinely inspired and sacred they follow both word while Reform Jews see it as guidance from god that can be interpreted.Orthodox Jews have very long synagogue services each Sabbath lasting up to _________hours. Reform Jews dont always go to the Synagogue, sometimes they only go on special occasions such as Rosh Hashanah. If they do go on the Sabbath the reform service usually only lasts _______hours. Another difference is what they do on the Sabbath. While Chassidic Jews dont do any of the 39 things considered to be work on the Sabbath, most reform Jews do. They think the laws dont apply to modern Jews. Reform Jews see the Sabbath to be on a Sunday to live on in with the Western way of life.Chassidic Jews try their hardest to follow all the mitzvots and go to a potfuls of effort in trying. Strict orthodox even by pre-torn toilet paper so they dont have to tear. They will not turn on light switches or even the TV. Reform Jews will.Kosher nutrient is another aspects of Jewdaism in which Chasidic and Reform Jews differ in opinion greatly. Chassidics keep to all the food laws such as no fish with gristle and no birds of prey as well as how all meat is prepared. Reform Jews however do not keep to these laws.Circumsision was abbolished by reform Jews after being classified as Barbaric. Chassidic Jews however see it as a symbol that connects all Jewish boys to Abraham, the Father of the Jews. Bar Mitzvahs were also changed by Reform Jews replacing it with a confirmation ceremony.Reform Jews do not hope for restoration of the Jews in Israel and it was officially stated that Germany was to be the new Zion. traditionally all Jews wanted to return to the Promised Land given to them by god.Festivals such as Yom Kippur and Rosh Hishanah are acknowledged by Reform Jews as well Chassidics but are not necessarily taken as seriously especially when it comes to the reasons behind the festivals.A Jewsish marriage is pretty much the same for Orthodox Jew s and Chassidic Jews both with being under a Chuppa and the Ketuba. However reform Jews permit divorce while Chassidic forbid it.Q3- Jews should try an overcome the differences between groups and Unite. Do you agree? Include different points of Views.There is an obvious reason why the Orthodox and reform Jews should unite. It wouldmean they have larger numbers and thy could work together. They could learn things from each other and together they could conquer problems, which they may face. They would also appear more powerful and influential, which means gentiles, would respect their beliefs and traditions more. If compared to Christianity, Catholics have many people all with the same general belief but each with a different degree of observance. If Catholics are able to overcome their differences why wouldnt Jews.On the other achieve though, Reform Jews and Orthodox Jews have different beliefs. Orthodox Jews think Reform Jews are compromising and dont want to be associated with th is. Chassidic Jews go to a lot of effort to keep to the commandments and mitzvots and think it is unfair that Reform Jews still call themselves Jews when the dont put half as much effort or commitment in. Reform Jews dont see the changes they have made as a compromise, they see it as modernisation. They believe as the people change the religion should change to fit. They interpret things differently. For example, not working on Shabbat, they see this to have its literal meaning, not going off and doing your job.Orthodox Jews see work to be the 30 jobs it took to build up the temple in which they worshipped thousands of years ago before they found there promised lands. This means they dont create fire or anything that could be associated with fire like electricity and many other things. Since the Reform Jews have split from the Orthodox hundreds of years ago they have grown apart and now have their own ways o doing things. If there was wars between the two groups over there differenc es then obviously there needs to be a change but Judaism is the worlds oldest religion and thy have got along fine for thousands of years. I think if Jews are happy with having separate groups then it is their decision and they should be able to stay this way.

English Literature Essays Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing

English Literature Essays Shakespeares Much Ado About NothingExplore the different types of cognise presented in Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing, considering how our views of love differ from those of an Elizabethan audience. Refer to at least two extracts in your answer.Love is a super C theme in Shakespeares comedies, with the action of the con often following a similar pattern love is declared, is challenged in some way and is finally reasserted in the act of trades union. Much Ado About Nothing is no exception and presents this plot structure through the pairings of Claudio and Hero, and benedick and Beatrice. These couples illustrate two different types of love, and their depicted experiences are revealing of Elizabethan attitudes and beliefs regarding love.Claudio and Hero provide us with an example of a swiftly progressing love which culminates in marriage little more than a few weeks after they have starting met. For an Elizabethan audience the concept of love at first sight would have been widely regarded as a valid possibility in life. The speed with which the two young characters move from strangers to husband and wife allows Shakespeare to present the courting process within the society of nobility. such(prenominal) a rapid progression is commented on by Claudio as he explains his newfound love I would have salvd it with a drawn-out treatise (I.i.289). However, it attends that once the first pangs of love occur, the action moves onto the next stage in the process. thither are many rules and regulations when it comes to expressing love for another. This can be seen in Claudios consequent actions rather than admission Hero himself, it is preferable for his friend to woo her on his behalf, in the linguistic communication of Don Pedro, I will break with her and with her father (I.i.283). In to sidereal days society the affair of asking permission from the father of a prospective wife is often seen as old-fashioned and is nowhere near a s common a utilize as in Shakespeares day.Through speech an Elizabethan nobleman would be expected to demonstrate intelligence and wit with the impression of spontaneity. In the same way, when attracting a woman he would be expected to impress with lavish and clever language. Much importance is placed on the language of love expected from a suitor within the play. Shakespeares narration reflects the qualities of such language by switching from prose to iambic pentameter, a rhythmical form more fitting for descriptions of love. Don Pedro reminds Claudio of the berth of a lovers words as they discuss his intentions towards Hero, Thou wilt be like a lover presently, / And tire the hearer with a book of words (I.i.280-1). As a young, inexperienced man, Claudio clearly needs the help of his friend and is naturally grateful to have gained an ally in his endeavours. Don Pedros role in the affinity of Claudio and Hero brings attention to the importance placed on the intervention of a tr ey person. Again, this is a practice not particularly common in modern society, at least not with any successful results.Benedick and Beatrices relationship differs from that of Claudio and Hero in the history the two have between them. There is a reference to a previous courtship in which Beatrice feels she was treated badly. This history between them results in the portrayal of a more mature relationship and a love that is formed through similarities in characters and mutual beliefs. Before the two characters fall in love they share the attitude of adversity towards the report of marriage and falling in love, Beatrice claims that she would rather hear my dog bark at a crow than a man swear he loves me(I.i.107-108). As a result they are constantly rebuked and made fun of for holding such a low opinion of marriage. The reaction of other characters towards the two cynics suggests that marriage is the ultimate symbol of love and should be the goal to which all aspire to, a belief th at is reinforced when Benedick and Beatrice are eventually proved ill-treat and succumb to the powers of love themselves. In Shakespeares time marriage would have been the only way for women to better themselves financially and socially. Men would also have gained status by marrying and thus providing heirs to any property and wealth. With this in mind, there seems less emphasis on the love aspect of marriage than the idealistic impressions of marriage in the play would have us believe. To return to the relation of Shakespeares portrayal of love to a modern society, marriage as a representation of love no longer has such significance, with equal respect given to single and married individuals.The power of Cupid is frequently referred to in relation to both couples. This power is often transferred to a third party that intervenes to aid the progression of love. Don Pedro is at the forefront of this matchmaking when he decides to bring together Benedick and Beatrice, If we can do thi s, Cupid is no longer an bowman his glory shall be ours, for we are the only love-gods (II.i.355-357). By tricking each character with lies about the other, they are manipulated into falling in love. Far from the natural concept of falling in love uncontrollably, Don Pedro and Hero command the feelings of Benedick and Beatrice through created scenarios. It is the power of calculated words that actually take effect, as noted by Hero as she discusses the plot with Ursula, Of this matter / Is Cupids crafty arrow made, / That only wounds by hearsay (III.i.21-23). This level of secrecy seems characteristic of court society at the time, a level of intervention which ultimately helps or hinders.The reactions and descriptions of people in love within the play suggest a darker side of love, often characterised by physical symptoms. For example, Hero collapses at the very thought of being accused of infidelity. Also, Don Pedro and Hero both refer to the supposed noticeable difference in appe arance of their lovesick friends. On proposing not to tell Beatrice of Benedicks love for her, she concludes that he will consume away in sighs, waste inwardly (III.i.78). Strangely, Benedick and Beatrice seem drawn to the idea of the other suffering from the pain of an unrequited love. The image of Benedick wasting away clearly has a powerful impression on Beatrice who almost immediately falls in love with him. Having overheard talk of Benedicks anguish (as well as his excellent qualities as a gentleman and soldier) she begins to think of marriage, To concur our loves up in a holy band (III.i.114). She also mentions the taming of her wild heart (III.i.112) as a result of Benedicks love, a phrase that brings to mind the afterwards play of The Taming of the Shrew. In both plays, it seems that the love of a man is able to tame an outspoken shrewish character, a belief that many in an Elizabethan audience would have shared.Much Ado About Nothing presents us with two pairings of lover that demonstrate two different experiences of love, both governed by societal codes of conduct that no longer have significance in modern society. In contrast, Claudio and Hero show a speedy, formal process of courting, while Benedick and Beatrice represent a more drawn out, resisting relationship. While both couplings suffer the consequences of intervention of others, the latter marry purely as a result of officious friends. It seems that love in the play is concerned more with superficial appearances and falsely created scenarios than actual feelings. Views of love in the play clearly differ from modern day opinion, but this is not to say that we cannot relate to the play because we are not part of an Elizabethan audience our codes of conduct in dating and matchmaking have but evolved to suit todays society.BibliographyThe Norton Shakespeare, Stephen Greenblatt (Oxford University Press, 1997)Extracts I.i.271-302III.i.72-116

Schizophrenia: Risk Factors, Cognition and Structure

Schizophrenia Risk Factors, Cognition and StructureJohn RogersSchizophrenia a review of peril factors, cognitive deficits, morphologic and function abnormalities.IntroductionOccurring in about 1% of the worlds population, schizophrenic disorder is a disorder of abnormal information encompassing oddities in perception, thinking, attention, learning, inhibition, memory, manner relating to and others (Cunningham Peters, 2014). Traditionally, schizophrenic disorder has been broken down into several subtypes depending on the symptomology expressed (e.g. paranoid, disorganized, schizoaffective, catatonic).The symptomology of the illness is subdivided into two positive and invalidating classifications, as well as cognitive deficits. Positive symptoms implicated in the disease accept delusion, hallucination, disorganized speech or clang associations, whereas contradict symptoms include emotional flattening, asociality, anhedonia or avolition (Butcher, 2010). This essay has quad ma in aims. Firstly, small-arm a definitive cause of schizophrenic psychosis still eludes us, an abundance of research has identified a wide array of biological and psychosocial risk factors and these aetiological factors will be outlined.Secondly, cognitive deficits associated with the disorder will be outlined. This section will highlight the widespread variety of cognitive deficits presented in patients and deal some of the batteries of cognitive tests developed in assessing the extent of these shortfalls.Subsequently the structural abnormalities associated with the disease will be briefly revised, along with some of the confines of structural studies. Additionally the essay aims explore whether schizophrenia is a progressive disorder or solely a disorder of neurodevelopment based on structural analysis. former to concluding, the essay will review some findings from fMRI studies investigating the functional connectivity within the schizophrenic brain and how they relate to both the positive and negative symptoms presented in the nausea. Furthermore, the limitations of fMRI studies, born out of a lack of precision of hemodynamic response measurements will be highlighted by analysing the results of an experiment examining activation during a working memory travail.AetiologyThe aetiology of schizophrenia is complex and sack upnot be reduced down to a single causal factor. This is evident when we consider the subtypes and indeed individual cases of the illness deviate massively in their presentation, responsiveness to treatment and illness trajectory (Moore, Kelleher Corvin, 2011).An abundance of research into the cause of the disorder suggests that a combination of predispositional physiological factors and a multitude of environmental risk factors result in brain pathways developing abnormally.Schizophrenia is a polygenic disease and thus cannot be explained by bingle mutated gene. Eyles, Feldon Meyer (2012) view identified 40 genes implicated in the development of the disease, signifying that it is a cocktail within a certain genotype that confers susceptibility to the illness.A study by Tinari et al. (2004) found that the genotype for higher risk in the illness only resulted in schizophrenia when an individual grew up in a dysfunctional vs. heathy family, suggesting that while biology provides the tinder, environment produces the spark.The dopamine hypothesis has stood out as the more proficient biological theory to date in investigating the causes of schizophrenia. go primitively thought to be a functional excess of dopamine, research has indicated that it is actually increased receptor density and sensitivity, (particularly super-sensitivity at the D2 receptors Wong et al. 1986) that whitethorn contribute to susceptibility of the disease (Butcher, 2010).Other successful biologically based studies into the aetiology of schizophrenia include the glutamate hypothesis, hormone studies and twin hereditary studies (see Cunningh am Peters for review, 2014). Although the aforementioned studies and approaches ar useful in thought the illness, they all share a common limitation they each ignore the environmental and developmental factors that may contribute more to the onset of the illness than genetic science (Bagby Juhasz, 2013).Cannabis use has been closely related to the onset of schizophrenia, with young males who use being at significantly greater risk of developing the illness (Zammit et al., 2002). Moreover, 75% of individuals presenting with first-episode psychosis use the drug regularly (Archie et al., 2007) although some believe the correlation with high usage rates is cod to self-medication (Dsouza et al., 2005).Other well documented psychosocial risk factors include urban living, immigration, childhood experiences of trauma or neglect and immunological factors (for review see Cunningham and Peters, 2014)Cognitive deficitsAbout 60-80% of schizophrenic patients display cognitive deficits (Lewis , 2004) across a multitude of domains including attention, memory, processing speed, social cognition, reasoning and verbal learning (Keefe Harvey, 2012 chiliad et al. 2004).A study by Keefe et al., (2005) found that 98% of patients coiffe more badly on cognitive tests than would be predicted by their parents education level. Additionally, a collection of studies possess shown that cognitive impairment can reach dickens standard deviations below a healthy control mean (for review see Keefe Harvey, 2012).The MATRICS (measurement and treatment research in cognition in schizophrenia Green et al., 2004) project has developed a battery of ten tests (MATRICS Consensus Cognitive battery MCCB) in order to access cognitive functioning across these domains (see fig. 1)Fig 1. Shows the abrasiveness and profile of cognitive impairment in patients using the MCCB (Keefe et al. 2011a)This spread of cognitive deficits manifest itself across numerous domains from social to financial and occu pational. For example, poor attention or attentive vigilance may result in an individual being unable to follow instructions or concentrate on a task in an occupational setting, or follow individual or group conversations in a social setting.Furthermore, schizophrenic individuals experience deficits in social cognition that create further difficulty within these settings such as theory-of-mind task performance (Tan et al., 2005) and perception of negative emotions, fear and facial affect in others (Penn et al, 1997). interrogation suggests that some of the cognitive deficits implicated in schizophrenia may develop prior to the onset of the disorder. A study by Jones Rodgers (1994) identified 30 individuals with schizophrenia from a random sample of 5000 individuals born in 1946. All subjects had been tested for non-verbal, verbal and reading abilities, arithmetic, and vocabulary, at ages 8, 11 and 15. Their progressively low scores in relation to heathy peers indicated a risk facto r for the disease.These results should be approached with caution as a dysfunctional home environment may also affect both the academic ability in children as well as contribute to the onset of the illness. Nevertheless, other research has found similar results suggesting the cognitive deficit in a young person is a significant risk factor (Caspi et al., 2003 Erlenmeyer-Kimling et al. 2000).Although the impact of antipsychotic medications on neurocogniton provides minimal benefits to patients (Keefe Harvey, 2012), recent research has shown that patients who receive psychosocial pledge preform significantly better on several cognitive tasks than those who do not, suggesting that such interventions may be beneficial to those suffering with the disorder (Dalagdi et al., 2014).Structural abnormalitiesAn abundance of research has aimed at identifying the structural deficits within schizophrenia. The most well documented deficits associated with the disorder are compromised white matter integrity (Kubicki et al., 2007) in addition to, a reduced gray-headed matter volume across a range of neuroanatomical areas including the anterior cingulate, frontal and temporal lobes, hippocampus/corpus amygdaloideum and the thalamus (Shepard et al. 2002). Moreover, dorsolateral prefrontal cells have a simple dendritic organisation, indicating fewer synapses than a heathy individual (Kolb Whishaw, 2009)What remains a source of debate within the literature of the brain structure of schizophrenia is whether the disorder is progressive throughout the life-span or is strictly a neurodevelopmental disorder.While the lions share of the sMRI research posits that the illness progressively affects both grey and white matter (for meta-analysis see Olabi et al., 2011), others have suggested that the progressive structural abnormalities observed could more be a consequence of numerous confounding variables (e.g. low corporal practise, smoking, stress, alcohol, cannabis, anti-psychotic m edication Zipursky, Reilly Murray, 2012). Furthermore, Zipursky et al. (2012) argue there is an absence of evidence of both toxic effect of psychosis on brain tissue.Zhang et al., (2014) used diffusion tensor imaging and a cross-section(a) design in order to investigate whether schizophrenia produces progressive brain abnormalities. They found that schizophrenic patients showed lower fractional anisotropy (diffusion in the cells) values in the corpus callosum and corona radiate, and that these values were negatively correlated with the age of the patient.These researchers used a cross-sectional design and a majority of drug-nave participants in an attempt to control for any medication effects, however, in doing this they open their results to scrutiny by drawing inferences about differences in two different brains.There are several limitations in structural studies in schizophrenia. Firstly, its very difficult to measure the effect of anti-psychotics on the brain without a contr ol group of drug nave patients. Given the debilitating nature of the illness, its difficult to find older patients that have not been medicated for long periods of time. Furthermore, if these patients are severely psychotic, it may prove impossible to test them, importee some samples arent a true representation of the population.Secondly, there are causal chores in the structural studies. Consider, for example, an experiment using sMRI undertaken by Fornito et al., (2012). Their results showed schizophrenic patients have altered interregional connectivity and hypoactivation in the prefrontal cortex. What remains unclear is whether schizophrenic patients have these altered patterns of activation are a cause or are a consequence of the disorder.Functional abnormalitiesSchizophrenia is believed to be a disorder arising from disturbances in brain connectivity (Fornito et al., 2012) and that these disruptions prevent functionality in cognitive domains which often require communication amid several distinct regions (Konrad Winterer, 2008).An analysis of resting functional connectivity of the disorder by Venkataraman et al. (2012) posits that patients display two distinct patterns when compared with healthy controls and that these patterns are correlated with the symptomology expressed. Abnormally increased connectivity among the medial parietal and frontal lobes was correlated with the presentation of positive symptoms, whereas decreased connectivity between medial parietal and temporal regions, and the temporal cortex, bilaterally corresponded with the presentation of negative symptoms (Venkataraman et al. 2012).Functional studies in schizophrenia typically use fMRI, which measures hemodynamic response related to changes in neural activity. While their usefulness in neuropsychology cannot be overstated, they are not without their limitations due to their precision.Consider for example the following experiment by Royer et al. (2009). This study found that even though schizophrenic individuals did not perform as well as the healthy groups in the working memory task (n-back), patients that did do well showed hyper-activation in the prefrontal and parietal lobes when compared to the control.Furthermore, fMRI showed increased activity in the superior frontal sulcus (self-awareness) and the posterior parietal cortex (planning of movement, attentional maintenance, response preparation/monitoring Royer et al. (2009)) during successful trails.Here we run into a problem due to the lack of precision in the fMRI. While we can now observe frontal-parietal over-activation, we cannot distinguish whether this suggests either or both (i) a compensatory mechanism allowing patients to perform well despite impaired cognitive functioning or, (ii) over-activation in the parietal areas corresponds to the BA 40 area (short term memory), suggesting improved effort (Royer et al., 2009).ConclusionUltimately, schizophrenia is one of the most horrific examples of wh at can happen when the brain goes wrong. The disorder has a huge social and financial burden on sufferers, family members and healthcare systems.While there is no single cause of the disease, at least that we know of, research has shown the disorder to have a wide variety of risk factors in both biological and psychosocial domains. Schizophrenia presents itself in a wide variety of moderately to severely debilitating cognitive deficits although very recent research has shown that psychosocial interventions may at least curve the extent of these shortfalls (Dalagdi et al., 2014), at least in individuals whose positive or negative symptoms are not too extreme.Structurally, schizophrenia can be observed as disorder of compromised white matter integrity (Kubicki et al., 2007), reduced grey matter within the frontal and temporal lobes, hippocampus/amygdala and the thalamus (Shepard et al., 2002) and simple dendritic organisation within the dorsolateral prefrontal cells.The jury is out on whether schizophrenia is a progressive or neurodevelopmental disorder and this is primarily due to the difficulty in controlling for variables such as the effects of anti-psychotic medications, stress, and long term institutionalisation may have on brain structure.The positive or negative symptoms expressed in schizophrenia are related to the functional abnormalities in connectivity between the various brain regions (Venkataraman et al., 2012). While fMRI studies can provide us with valuable clues as to which brain regions are implicated in specific processes, there are issues with precision when comparing blood flow to activation is meticulous areas.