I Wanted to Become a Teacher an Example of the Topic Career by

I Wanted to Become a Teacher The globalization trend that the world has been tracking should encourage me to pursue a career that will surely fit with the modern economy and social trend. I should be encouraged to become an electronics communications engineer, a medical practitioner or pursue a business course since these are professions that will somehow ensure my financial stability when the right time comes. Yet with my mother as a teacher, the profession that is generally the last thing on a high school students list of careers to consider, I am having the teaching profession as the only career to consider. Need essay sample on "I Wanted to Become a Teacher" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Many believe that teaching is an easy job, a job that anyone can do but this just one of the many myths about the profession (National Education Association). Knowing how my mother prepares her lesson plans and teaching materials at night, the way she spends a couple of hours reading books and taking down notes, I believe that it is not as easy as others look at it. The fact is that 1a teacher has been symbolized by a wolf, an animal admired for its intelligence. Wolf is a pagan symbol for wisdom, learning and loyalty things that teachers are directly related. Teachers do not come to school empty-headed or with just their books and lesson plans. One of the most important weapons a teachers carry along everyday is intelligence and for a good teacher, wisdom. Their profession entails the responsibility of imparting knowledge to children which can only be possible if they have something valuable in their minds that they can share. Information can be acquired from books and other reading materials but to have knowledge is for someone to understand how such information can affect ones life. If teaching profession is all about handing down information, then there should be no teachers now since internet and other modern media are already available to have those information with just few clicks. But teaching is not about information dissemination but of making people understand the basics of life. Wolves live a complex social life which includes their living in packs so they do not come out of the wilds alone. They use a unique way of communication using their body and vocal languages to keep each other alert. They live a social life that secures their lives against enemies. Like wolves, teachers come to school to teach not just because it is their responsibility but because they too are concerned with the lives of their students. If they really dont then they could just leave and secure another job that will somehow pay them more. But teachers come to school everyday because they know they have the responsibility of preparing their students for future and more complex life struggle. They come to school as partners of the parents in ensuring a brighter future of their children. I have to stress that teachers are partners which means that teachers do not have the sole responsibility over the children but through education, they play a vital role of shaping their future. Like shepherds, teachers look over the children by monitoring not just their knowledge but also their behaviors. As they say, teachers need to have both the passion and compassion in their profession (Academic Programs, Vol. 9. No. 1, January 2005). Teachers could have also been compared to an apple, a guiding star and a refuge but I am more convinced with teachers playing the role of a shepherd. A shepherd has everything that a good teacher must have: humility, passion, compassion and faith. What drives my enthusiasm to become a teacher is the parable of the lost sheep. In the Bible story, the main characters are the flock, the shepherd and the one lost sheep. The life of a teacher is more of a shepherd who primarily takes care of the flock. I can see that the shepherd lives a simple life out in the grasslands, maybe living in a tent and sleep there during cold nights. The shepherd has to have the knowledge and skill of choosing the right place where he could lead his flock and let them eat. He has to choose the richest grasslands possible so his flock will be able to eat well. Teachers too need to have these skills. Teachers need to know first hand what are the things that the students must learn and how should they best learn. That is how the relationship of the shepherd and the sheep compared to the teacher-student relationship. The grasslands represents the healthy environment where the students will be able to learn the best things and at the best way possible. As real life teachers say, We are educators before we become teachers (D. Sasson). Good shepherds do not just let the flock lose and let them go out to where these sheep feel like going. Likewise, teachers have the attitude of ensuring things before anything is done. That is the reason why teachers study first before they enter their classrooms and stand before the students to teach. The skills of teachers, like that of a shepherd differ from other profession in a way that they are able to 2combine knowledge with the strategy of imparting such knowledge to classroom learners. There are intelligent people in other fields but they cannot all teach because teaching is not simply about handing down or sharing knowledge. The same is true for a shepherd. Not everyone can be a shepherd because tending flocks need not just knowledge but skills and passion for leading the flocks. The job of a teacher is as demanding as the job of a shepherd. Teaching demands time, creativity, carefulness and adaptability the way the responsibility of the shepherd over the flock does. There is too much in teaching that is contingent and uncertain (W. Ayers, pg. 1). In the classroom setting, the events happen live away from films and theatre presentations which are scripted. It is true that teachers may have planned for what they are going to say about their topics but these are not necessarily scripted. But is contingent and uncertain about the setting is that along the way of discussion, there are unexpected questions from the students that may come. Teachers should be ready to answer these with honesty. Because students are learners, they will have to come up with something in their minds contrary to what the teacher might have said. It can also be that along the way, something in the discussion has made them remember something to ask about. These are unguarded moments that teachers must anticipate and be ready at. For example a teacher might be discussing a topic on the ethical and religious considerations of suicide. A student can possibly ask what can possibly happen to the suicide bombers during 911 attack or what could have happened to someone he know who committed suicide. Teachers must also be creative enough how to explain the topic to students who have religious beliefs contrary to what is generally accepted. Likewise, shepherds are prepared and alert enough to anything that may harm his flock like wild animals that can possibly attach while the sheep are eating. I wanted to be a teacher because I wanted to be the guardian of the kids. For someone to be willing to be a guardian must have the virtue of love and concern for the kids. A teacher does his work not for the sake of teaching but because he has not only the mind but the heart as well. Looking back at the parable, the shepherd discovered after counting his flock at the end of the day that one sheep is missing. If he has more than a hundred sheep, the one missing could have been immaterial for him so can just let the others locked in and does not care what will happen to the lost one. But the good shepherd, after securing the rest of the flock, went on his way to find the lost sheep. What is also important is the faith of the shepherd that he will be able to find the lost sheep. Like teachers, they have a couple of students in just one classroom and these children do not have the same level of intelligence to cope up with the lessons in the same way as the others. If one or two in the class is obviously losing track, a good teacher knows what to do. A teacher who cares will not let such students just left behind. A teacher can measure how much his students have learned and he can always assess who is hard up or who is just not willing to learn. By nature, sheep does have the sense of tracking its way back to where he came from so he does not necessarily have the ability to go home on its own when he is lost. Like a sheep, a child cannot go on with the learning process alone. He has to have a guide, he has to cope up, and he has to work really hard to learn. But since they are learning in group, meaning that they are taught simultaneously in the classroom, the assurance of simultaneous learning is not absolute. As I said earlier, the level of intelligence of the students is not the same. The sheep might have been lost because it simply was not able to realize that it went too far away from his companions or it could be that it was not able to hear the shepherds voice signaling that it is time to go back home. Similarly, a student is left behind because he lacks the enthusiasm in his studies, has a learning disability or does not really care about learning. Whatever the reason is, the teacher, like the shepherd, cares about finding who was lost and cares enough to bring him back to the flock. I also admire the mutual respect that teachers and students share inside and out of the classroom. I believe that the respect is not all about the power over the students but its all on authority. Authority as I understand does not necessarily connotes domination but it is of creating an atmosphere where students will be willing to cooperate and obey the teacher. We are authorities because we do the research ourselves and we understand the nature of expert claims from the inside (R. Cook). The keyword is understand. In the classroom setting, it is but expected that the teacher must understand what he is trying to discuss. This is because he has students who are being taught because presumably they do not know but wanted and need to learn. So authority comes because of the teachers knowledge and skills to the learners. But respect is different. Respect in the classroom setting exists maybe because the teacher has the knowledge that the students need to learn and that the teacher is willing enough to impart such knowledge. I said mutual because teachers also respect the ideas and feelings of the students in the same way as the students respect the teachers authority. In the relationship of the shepherd and his flock, mutual respect is also present. The sheep can recognize the voice of their own shepherd. When he calls, the sheep know what the signal means. The know by listening to the voice of the shepherd when its time to go home, when there is danger ahead or how close are they to their guardian. The shepherds voice is the authority for the flock and by recognizing and obeying to what the signal means, the sheep show their respect to the shepherd. On the other hand, the shepherd by patiently looking after the flock is respecting the need of the sheep for guide, for shelter and for food. He understands that these sheep are by nature weak and are defenseless against attackers. So by training them to recognize the right signals, he is in turn equipping them the weapon against harmful elements. Like teachers, the knowledge they impart, the concern and love they show to their students, are ways of equipping them with the armor of war they could use in the battle of the future. I wanted to become a teacher not just because I wanted to be like my mother. I wanted to pursue a teaching profession because I wanted to accept the responsibility of being a role model to my students. I wanted to become a teacher because I wanted to impart knowledge to students and I want that knowledge to become a valuable part of their future. As what Robert Cook said, when you teach, You are also preparing them for the day when you will not be there to inform them. Teaching is actually more of teaching the hows not just the whats of life. What maybe is fulfilling about the life of a teacher is to know that you have actually played a vital role in preparing them in the battle of life and by being a caring, passionate, intelligent, brave and loving teacher. Teaching is not just about teaching figures, dates and facts but it is all about life. WORKS CITED Wolf: Influential Pagan Symbol. Retrieved on August 17, 2007 National Education Association. Professional Pay: Myths and Facts. Retrieved on August 17 2007 Ayers, William. To Teach: The Journey of a Teacher. A Study Guide for the College Classroom. Second Edition. Pages 1-8 Cook, Robert F. Some Whys Behind the Hows of University Teaching and Research. Teaching Resource Center Publications. Occasional Paper Series No.2. University of Virginia. Retrieved on August 17, 2007 Sasson, Dorit. The Big Myth about Teaching. A Life Packet for Teachers as Educators. Retrieved on August 17, 2007 Engaging Students in the Learning Process. Academic Programs. January 2005, Vol. 9 No.1. pages 1-2

How the USDA Has Addressed Discrimination

How the USDA Has Addressed Discrimination ​The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has made significant progress in addressing allegations of discrimination against minority and women farmers both in the farm loan programs it administers and in its workforce that have hounded it for over a decade, according to the Government Accountability Office (GAO). Background Since 1997, the USDA has been the target of major civil rights lawsuits brought by African-American, Native American, Hispanic, and women farmers. The suits generally accused the USDA of using discriminatory practices to illegally deny loans, delay loan application processing, underfund loan amounts and create unnecessary and burdensome roadblocks in the loan application process. These discriminatory practices were found to create unnecessary financial hardships for minority farmers.Two of the best-known civil rights lawsuits filed against the USDA Pigford v. Glickmanand Brewington v. Glickman - filed on behalf of African-American farmers, resulted in the largest civil rights settlements in history. To date, over $1 billion has been paid to over 16,000 farmers as a result of settlements in the Pigford v. Glickman and Brewington v. Glickman suits.Today, Hispanic and women farmers and ranchers who believe they were discriminated against by the USDA in making or servicing farm loans bet ween 1981 and 2000 can file claims for cash awards or debt relief on eligible farm loans by visiting the USDAs Farmersclaims.gov website. GAO Finds Progress Made In October 2008, the GAO made six recommendations for ways the USDA could improve its performance in resolving farmers discrimination claims and providing minority farmers with access to programs intended to help them succeed. In its report titled, USDAs Progress toward Implementing GAOs Civil Rights Recommendations, the GAO told Congress the USDA fully addressed three of its six recommendations from 2008, made significant progress toward addressing two, and made some progress toward addressing one. (See: Table 1, page 3, of the GAO report) Outreach Programs for Minority Farmers and Ranchers As early as 2002, the USDA committed to improving its support for minority farmers by releasing $98.2 million in grants to supplement its loan programs specifically for minority and small farmers and ranchers. Of the grants, then Sec. of Agriculture Ann Veneman said, We are committed to utilizing all resources available to help farm and ranch families, particularly minority and small producers, who need assistance. Besides the monetary awards, grants for minority farmers and extensive efforts to promote civil rights awareness and equality within the USDA itself, perhaps the most important changes arising from the settlements of the civil rights lawsuits have been the series of USDA outreach programs intended to serve minority and women farmers and ranchers. Some of these programs include: Office of the Pigford Case Monitor: The Office of the Monitor provides access to all court documents, including court orders and decisions related to the Pigford v. Glickman and Brewington v. Glickman lawsuits filed against the USDA on the behalf of African-American farmers and ranchers. The collection of documents provided on the Office of the Monitor website are intended to help persons with claims against the USDA arising from the lawsuits learn about the payments and other relief they are entitled to under the courts rulings.Minority and Socially Disadvantaged Farmers Assistance (MSDA): Operating under the USDAs Farm Service Agency, the Minority and Socially Disadvantaged Farmers Assistance was established specifically to assist minority and socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers who apply for USDA farm loans. The MSDA also offers the USDA Minority Farm Register to all minority persons involved in farming or ranching. Participants in the Minority Farm Register are mailed re gular updates on the USDAs efforts to assist minority farmers.Women and Community Outreach Programs: Created in 2002, the Community Outreach and Assistance to Women, Limited Resource and Other Traditionally Under Served Farmers and Ranchers Program provides loans and grants to community colleges and other community based organizations for developing outreach projects to provide women and other under-served farmers and ranchers with the knowledge, skills, and tools necessary to make informed risk management decisions for their operations.Small Farms Program: Many of Americas small and family farms are owned by minorities. In the Pigford v. Glickman and Brewington v. Glickman lawsuits, the courts criticized the USDA as having an attitude of indifference toward the needs of minority small farmers and ranchers. The USDAs Small and Family Farm Program, administered by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, is an attempt to correct that.Project Forge: Another minority outreach ef fort of the USDAs National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Project Forge provides assistance and training to the primarily Hispanic and other minority farmers and ranchers in rural regions of South Texas. Operating out of the University of Texas-Pan American, Project Forge has been successful in improving the economic condition in the South Texas region through both its training programs and development of farmers markets.

Writing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Writing assignment - Essay Example With the many possible sources of ocean pollution, there exist myriad of adverse effects with prevention calling for collaborative efforts among governments, international community and individuals. The first form of ocean pollution is oil pollution. As noted by WWF, 12% of ocean oil pollution emanates from oil spills with 36% attributed to runoffs from cities and industries. The oil from down the drain contributes to ocean oil pollution the greatest, emitting 363 million gallons of oil per year according to Gradwohl. Other sources include natural seeps, offshore drilling, routine maintenance and big spills. Although oil-covered sea animals would be covered from cold by the oil as documented by Miller and Spoolman, they face adverse health effects including reproductive complications and liver diseases due to swallowing of oil which threatens their survival (267). This form of pollution kills ocean life including mangroves and coral reefs with intertidal zones noted to be the most sensitive. Thus, cleanups have been embraced by various governments to curb the problem. As NASA documents, the 1983 United Nations treaty, MARPOL (MARine POLlution) brings together the international community to reduce operational and accidental oil spillages. Individually, people should be encouraged to avoid dumping oil and oil-based waste into oceans. Secondly, there are toxic materials dumped into oceans. Slowly degrading chemicals and metals settle on the floor of the ocean, accumulating and becoming hazardous to organisms living at the bottom of the ocean. Eventually, such toxins could enter the food web, contaminating sea animals that are a source of human food. Beard cites mercury, dioxin and radioactive substances released from industries, agricultural practice, gardening and household activities among others as some of the toxins (280). Gradwohl further notes that almost 1,000 new toxins get added to the ocean every year. Digging out

Why dont Milwaukee School of Engineering offer bus passes for students Assignment - 1

Why dont Milwaukee School of Engineering offer bus passes for students - Assignment Example The situation of travel in the campus is wanting especially for students. There are many benefits of the bus passes but the two that stand out are; cost effectiveness and convenience for the staff and the students. It is also worthwhile noting that to promote the bus pass culture; MSOE can adopt the U-Pass culture and also include the cost for bus pass in tuition to avoid instant payment of bus pass fee which might be seen costly in the short term. On the extreme end they can offer free bus pass as an incentive for students. However the challenges faced include security issues at pick-up points, non 24 hour operation and the costs incurred by the campus. It is thus noticed that bus pass culture is a better culture by weighing the pros and cons and thus it is recommended that the adoption of the U-Pass or any other discounted or free bus pass is necessary for learning in MSOE This is a report on the casual analysis of the transportation situation in Milwaukee School of Engineering with specific regard to the use of bus passes by students. This university commonly referred to as MSOE is a private university situated in the parts downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It is a nonprofit making entity that offers degrees in Engineering, Nursing, Mathematics, Business, Technical communication among others. Over the years the school has had a great insurgent of graduate and undergraduate students. By 2011 the tally of students was estimated at more than 2500 students partaking both graduate and undergraduate courses. Due to the rise in the number of students, transportation to the issue has been a challenging issue and debate about the safest, most convenient and most economical form of travel students should use has been on the rising. Students, citizens and various stakeholders have put interest in the issue and have offered various suggestions on the best travel mo de for students. This university is among the

Stephen Colbert on American Jobs Essay Example for Free

Stephen Colbert on American Jobs Essay They range from jobs to energy to healthcare, and of course, they are all written in a satirical sense. In the second chapter, Colbert and his writers talk about jobs in America. They discuss the problem of jobs being shipped overseas to countries like India and China and Colbert puts forth his â€Å"solutions† to the problems, which mostly include setting up sweatshops in America. He also talks about job interviews and how to be successful at them. Colbert and his staff of writers use a wide range of comic techniques in the book as a whole and in the chapter on jobs to satirize the American culture and government. One comic technique Colbert uses in the jobs chapter is reduction. Reduction is essentially belittling or degrading someone. Near the beginning of the chapter, there is a picture of Barack Obama being captioned as Jimmy Carter. While Jimmy Carter was a decent president and many historians agree that he didn’t do anything bad, he is widely remembered for not doing much of anything during his one term as president except failing to get the Americans that were being held hostage in Iran out safely. Barack Obama has a similar record of inactivity in his first term, so the book captions Obama as Carter to essentially say that Obama didn’t do much in his first term as president. Throughout the chapter and the whole book, Colbert and his writers use pictures to their advantage. This is a common technique in satire because it’s easy to get your message across using pictures. They are usually fairly simple, quick to look at, and easy to understand the meaning of. Colbert also uses caricatures to his advantage in the chapter on jobs. A caricature is usually some sort of picture of the person or group being satirized with their more unsightly features being greatly exaggerated. It is a common technique used by satirists. Near the beginning of the chapter, there is a picture of an Indian woman going through the Kama Sutra exercises, a very old series of exercises used to strengthen the body and mind, while working at a call center. Through this picture, Colbert is talking about the problem of American jobs being shipped overseas. He also has a picture of a howler monkey named Bobo running a human resources department at a company. There is a common stereotype against human resources departments for not doing much work and making the employees’ lives difficult. The howler monkey is supposed to represent the HR department because it would be impossible to work with a monkey. Bobo even goes so far as to eat an employee’s paperwork, the equivalent of an HR department losing your paperwork. While pictures are of great use in satire, words can be just as effective if used properly. One technique Colbert and his writers use is burlesque, or the treating of a serious matter in a joking or flippant way. Burlesque is used throughout the chapter, but is used the most in the part about job interviews. Job interviews are extremely important, for they can make the difference between being hired for a job and not getting a job. In our current economy, interviews have become even more important because people are often in dire need of employment. Colbert devotes several pages to telling readers how to conduct a good interview. He tells the reader how many handshakes they should give, proper dress, and even how to appeal to the interviewer. Colbert also says to repeat the interviewer’s name many times. He says â€Å"Make a point of repeating your interviewer’s name as many times as possible as soon as you hear it† (Colbert 44). Colbert is essentially saying that by repeating the interviewer’s name, you’re flattering them, a common technique used by job seekers in interviews. Colbert satirizes the interview process as whole because he sees it as a joke and formality. He believes, and many will agree with him, that getting a job depends on flattery and connections with the interviewer. A fourth technique used by Colbert in the jobs chapter is reductio ad absurdum. This technique involves the satirist pretending to take the side of the person or group he or she is mocking in an attempt to further humiliate their subject. In the chapter, Colbert pretends to support sweatshops and shipping jobs overseas. He even goes so far as to suggest putting sweatshops in America and disbanding unions. In one of Colbert’s â€Å"truth punches† he says â€Å"The minimum wage ruined the proud American tradition of the sweatshop. You start paying American workers a minimum wage, the next thing you know they’re demanding air-conditioning and less flammable shirtwaist materials† (Colbert 30). The conditions he describes are very common in sweatshops around the world and are obviously a huge health and safety hazard. However, they make manufacturing cheaper and the lack of labor laws allows them to force their employees to work in the aforementioned conditions. Colbert pretends to support these views because by doing so he can make fun of them more effectively. Also, he highlights the extreme working conditions because by doing so, he can show the absurdity of both sweatshops and the argument for them. He can pretend to support horrible working conditions and still be viewed as humorous because everyone knows that those conditions are inhumane. One characteristic of satire that Colbert and his writers use in the jobs chapter is obscenity. At the beginning, he makes fun of the Rosie the Riveter, a common figure for female empowerment during World War II. He describes Rosie as â€Å"History’s most thinly veiled lesbian-I have worked hard to remain ignorant of whatever depraved act ‘riveting’ is† (Colbert 21). He also talks about Alan Greenspan’s scrotum and puts in a picture of it. The obscenity does not really have any purpose in satirizing Americans and their jobs. It’s there mostly for the sake of making the reader laugh and want to continue. Exaggeration is easily one of the most common, if not the most common, characteristics of satire. The chapter and the book as a whole are filled with exaggerations of varying amounts. He uses a â€Å"quote† of Ayn Rand’s, which says â€Å"Any man using the words of another is an unthinkable parasite worthy of contempt and death† (Colbert 25). Obviously Ayn Rand never said this; it’s a rather extreme thing to say and would have damaged her credibility. Colbert uses exaggeration in this instance to satirize Rand’s views of the working American. She is widely known for being a conservative and scorning Americans who don’t work and live off of the benefits of society. Colbert also uses this quote as an opportunity to take another swing at the Republicans. By making fun of a popular conservative, he is, by association, making fun of conservatives as a whole. The style of satire that Colbert and his writers use is a monologue. In a monologue, the satirist speaks from behind a mask. In America Again, Colbert is the narrator, and he uses this position to satirize more freely. By staying as himself, he can use the persona he has on his tv show, and he doesn’t need to spend time creating a character to speak through. This is also advantageous when using the reductio ad absurdum technique because most readers will already know that he doesn’t really support the side he’s pretending to be on, and they can appreciate the comedy more. The chapter on jobs was very amusing and did a good job of satirizing American jobs and American’s views on jobs. He satirizes how Americans preach the need to bring jobs back to America from countries like India and China, but no one is willing to lose money by investing in more expensive American workers.

The Conflict Management Styles Developed Psychology Essay

The Conflict Management Styles Developed Psychology Essay In this diagram developed by Thomas and Kilmann , the forcing/competing style is high in concern for self or simultaneously describes as high in assertiveness, which is epitomized to satisfy his personal needs under all circumstances even at the expense of others. This style is in contrast to the collaborating style, which is interested in long term and long lasting relationship and looks for solutions to meet the needs of all parties involved. The avoiding style is low in concern for self and is escapism to conflict. This style normally occurs when a party is neither interested in his own goals nor interested in maintaining relationship; he simply withdraws and does not want to deal with the conflict. The accommodating style deals with sacrificing of self-interests to satisfy the needs of others to resolve the conflict. Finally, compromising is the midpoint and struggles between cooperativeness(concern for others) and assertiveness (concern for self), and involves making concessions for both parties to arrive at a resolution of conflict. This where both parties are ready to listen to each other and willing to climb down from their expectation and sacrifice to achieve peace. However compared to Thomas and Kilmann model, Putnam and Wilsons (1982) divide the conflict management style model into three factors namely the non-confrontation (obliging), solution-oriented (integrating) and control (dominating). Putnam and Wilson (1982) state that non-confrontation or obliging strategies manage conflict indirectly, by simply avoiding disagreements or by minimizing controversial issues. Solution-oriented or integrating strategies manage conflict both by searching for cooperation, integrative solutions and by making compromises. Control, or dominating, strategies manage conflict by arguing persistently for their positions and using nonverbal messages to emphasize demands. Furthermore numerous researchers proposed revisions of the preceding frameworks, likewise Rahim and Bonomas (1979) conceptualization has been one of the most popular, with empirical evidence (e.g., Rahim Magner, 1995; van de Vilert Kabanoff, 1990) suggesting it to be most valid. Rahim and Bonoma (1979) differentiated the styles of resolving interpersonal conflict on two basic dimensions: concern for self and concern for others. The first dimension explains the degree (high or low) to which a person attempts to satisfy their own concerns, while the second dimension explains the degree to which an individual tries to satisfy the needs or concerns of others. And the combination of these two dimensions, results in five specific styles of conflict management, known as integrating, obliging, dominating, avoiding and compromising. Some researchers like (Blake Mouton, 1964; Likert Likert, 1976) have also criticized and suggested that successful conflict management needs specific styles to resolve conflict situations; for example, that the integrative or problem-solving style is most appropriate for managing all conflict. Other researchers such as (Rahim Bonoma, 1979; Thomas, 1992) have indicated that for conflicts to be managed most effectively, one style is more appropriate than the other, based on the kind of situation. According to Gross and Guerrero (2000), the effectiveness of individuals is perceived based on which conflict management styles they choose to incorporate. They discovered that an integrative conflict management style is generally perceived as the most appropriate (in terms of being both a polite, prosocial strategy, and an adaptive, situational appropriate strategy) and most effective style. The dominating style is perceived as inappropriate, and the obliging style as neutral. The avoiding style was generally perceived as both ineffective and inappropriate. Finally, compromising was perceived as a relatively neutral style. Authors high concern for self low c concern for others intermediate concern of both self and others high concern for self high c concern for others low concern for self low c concern for others low concern for self high concern for others Follet (1940) Domination Compromise Integration Avoidance Suppression Blake and Mouton (1964) Forcing Compromising Problem-Solving Withdrawing Smoothing Thomas and Kilmann (1974) Competing Compromising Collaborating Avoiding Accommodating Rahim and Bonoma (1979) Dominating Compromising Integrating Avoiding Obliging Putnam and Wilson (1982) Control _ Solution-oriented Non-confrontation _ Figure 2: shows an overview of the different conflict management styles developed by various authors. 2.3.1 Characteristics of Conflict Management styles Although there has been a plethora of research which has been conducted to drive the essence of the conflict management styles, it was observed that many of the derived styles have specific attributes or characteristics that set them apart to deal with a particular group of people or individuals posited more precisely by their behavioral conflict strategies (Follet 1940). They are all different by virtue and respond differently to specific situation. In this study we are going to scrutinize first and foremost the characteristics of each conflict management styles and formulate on what basis the choice of peoples conflict management styles is influenced. This research follows Thomas and Kilmann (1974) model, which is organized around two dimensions cooperativeness and assertiveness. Combinations of these dimensions lead to five modes of handling conflict: Avoiding style Be it an avoiding style, withdrawing, or non-confrontation, this style is characterized with low concern for self (assertiveness )and low concern (cooperativeness) for to others, in other words this style wants to emphasize that it is neither assertive nor cooperative and usually stay away from issues which are linked to a conflict. This style makes us believe that conflict is difficult to break and the best way is to withdraw physically or psychologically for a conflict rather than facing it. De Dreu, (1997), Hocker Wilmot, (1998) advocate that avoiding is most often associated with negative substantive outcomes and that issues which consider this style are not resolved ,and usually become more serious over time especially in case where there are strong relationships between parties strongly tied through feelings, emotions and actions. Besides Gross and Guerrero (2000) is perceived to be of similar view as (De Dreu, 1997; Hocker Wilmot, 1998). Gross and Guerrero (2000) relate the avoiding conflict style as being situationally and relationally inappropriate, as well as ineffective, when it comes to achieving personal and dyadic outcomes. Hence many of these authors argue that avoiding can be effective in the short run, but perceived of having negative effects in the long run. In this regard if we consider avoiding in the short term, it can be concluded that it is the most dominating style compared to other styles. In combination with other conflict behaviors such as comp eting, avoiding certain issues can undoubtedly contribute to effectiveness. For example if we temporarily leave the conflict to cool down and reconsider our previous position before the conflict aroused, therefore avoiding can contribute to effectiveness (Van de Vliert 1997). In this style people who are willing to give up both personal goals and relationships withdraw from the conflict. When the question of adopting the avoiding style is raised to a group, members will avoid the actual conflict and become outside observers. By listening to the input on an observation basis, the group can gain invaluable feedback on emergent points of discussion, as well as team members behaviours can hamper resolution. Competing style The competing style whether we call it forcing, dominating or control is epitomized by high concern for self (assertive) and low concern (cooperative) for others. The main characteristics of the competing style is that it usually keep track with personal goals, always ready to win and they assume conflicts are usually a win/lose game and winning gives them a sense of pride and achievement. Based on the assumptions made by Van de Vliert, (1997) it is most likely that the competing style is the result of a negative relationship between conflicting parties. In this sense people that adopt this style can bring progress to a group that lacks direction or is landed in a debate. Similarly Sorenson, Morse, Savage, (1999) agree with the view of Van de Vliert, (1997) and advocate that competing will usually not improve a relationship. Although it was found in some studies, individuals can achieve important outcomes or results through forcing behavior De Dreu Van de Vliert, (1997); Rahim, (1992); Thomas, (1992), other research have suggested that the quality of the results substantially decreases with increased forcing behavior (Van de Vliert et al., 1995). Furthermore Gross and Guerrero (2000) argue that dominating behavior is relationally inappropriate and there is little chance for it to be effective. We therefore conclude that the effect of dominating behavior on real outco mes is very lean and will cause the breakdown of social relationship. Accommodating style The accommodating style also known as the obliging, smoothing, suppression shows low concern for self (assertiveness) and high concern (cooperativeness) for others. The characteristics posed by this style is mainly associated with those people who want to be accepted and liked by others, and in this position they think that conflict should be avoided and maintaining the harmony that exist between parties is of prior importance. With the accommodating style it is very important put aside personal grudge or goals and look for a common ground of understanding where we are bound to satisfy firstly the other parties expectation. They also think that we cannot deal with a conflict without damaging a relationship. According to (Van de Vliert et al., 1995) the accommodating style means giving in to others parties wishes and does not have specific contribution to the level of effectiveness. This style is not likely to produce important outcomes, as it matters that the quality of decision making decreases with an increase in the accommodating behavior by one or by both parties (Mastenbroek, 1989; Papa Canary, 1995). However some authors suggest that the accommodating style contributes mostly to the interpersonal relationship (Papa Canary, 1995; Rahim, 1992). While Gross and Guerrero (2000) emphasiesed that accommodating is perceived as being neither relational nor situationally appropriate, nor effective and conclude that this behavioural style is more likely to be favorable. Collaborating style The collaborating style named by various model as being an integrative style, solution oriented, problem solving drive particular attention to high concern for self (assertiveness) and high concern (cooperativeness) for others. Its main characteristics is that it takes too long trying to find consensus and it is usually not satisfied until it finds a solution that achieve the goals and resolves any negative feelings and can as well irritate others as a result of their behaviors when they are on the verge to seek for perfection in a consensus. (Van de Vliert et al 1995) argue that this style places high value on relationships and goals which are both assertive and cooperative. Parties adopting this style are likely to collaborate to accomplish their objectives. They view conflict as problems to be solved and as a way to improve relationships with each other. This style is termed as having a positive effect on the end result of a conflict management style while having negative effect on relational outcomes. Authors like (Fisher, 1997; Turner Pratkanis, 1997) suggest that the collaborating style is used to define and analyze conflict issues. In contrast, (Euwema, 1992; Van de Vliert, et al., 1995) state that collaborating behavior eventually make complex interpersonal relation at stake and make negative contribution to the end result. Hence (Euwema, 1992) declared that when interpersonal relations are at risk people will undoubtedly hesitate to confront others. Compromising style The compromising style is based on intermediate concern for both the self (assertiveness) and others (cooperativeness). One of its characteristics is that it is a flexible and adaptive style, and goes for splitting the difference between parties, exchanging grounds of understanding. People who consider this style place medium value on goals and relationships and believe firmly on a compromise basis. They spend long time for looking for solution but not yearning for perfection. The compromising style satisfy only some of the parties needs and some authors like (De Dreu, Evers, Beersma, KIuwer, Nauta, 2001; Van de Vliert, 1997) delineate compromising as half hearted problem solving.Pruitt and Carnevale (1993) argue that a compromise is associated with a strong conciliatory tendency, coupled with moderate concern for self. (Gross Guerrero, 2000) advocate that compromising was found to operate highly on relational appropriateness and less effective to situational level. Unlike the various conflict management styles developed by researchers to resolve team conflict, it is often contented that a matter will be resolved easily if the right conflict management style is applied to. Likewise the selection of the proper conflict management style is not shaped by the choice of will by the parties involved but rather on various external factors that come to influence the choice of the conflict resolution style. These factors are mainly related to the culture (language and thinking patterns) of group members, their gender, emotions and their age group.

Annotated bib

Mean states â€Å"Antigen deserves the title role because her courage and conviction, her absolute and self-sacrificing defiance of Green's edict is the catalyst that creates the whole tragedy; but as the drama unfolds in performance, Green's incapacity to Andre the political and familial situation that he has created becomes more and more central†. The point of this statement is to tell how Antigen's disobedience, and loyalty to her brother created this play, but Is overshadowed by the impotence of King Akron.Antigen Is seen as a female hero while Akron Is not accepted as the tragic hero. Being faced with the death of his wife, and son, Green's nobility does not compare to that of Oldness. Antigen Is then described by Michael Means as being, â€Å"right to transgress against the role expected of a woman In fifth century Athens, and bury her brother herself†. Frank, Bernhard. Sophocles' Antigen. † Explicator 55(1997):187-1 89. Literary Reference Center. Web. 22 Ga g. 2014.In this literary critique Frank insists that the incest motif still remains very clear in this story as it did in Sophocles' Oedipus the King. He also states that the murder motive reappears. Antigen is described by Bernhard Frank as, â€Å"Rather than the â€Å"ill-fated bride† of Hammond, it is as the bride of her slain brother that Antigen may see herself'. This quote Is stating that she is mourning her brother so much that you would think she was his widow. Antigen Is then described as the, violent daughter of a violent father of a violent father†.Oedipus other daughter, Kinsmen Is described as hope at the end of literary work of art. She will probably marry out of her family. Kinsmen is called the future of her families never ending tragedy. Merchant, David Michael. â€Å"Antigen. â€Å"Masterpiece, Fourth Edition (2010):1-2. Literary Reference Center. Web. 26 Gag. 2014 There are many themes discussed in this literary critique written by David Michael Me rchant. The subjects of obedience to the laws provided by the gods before anything else, is family worth more than the state, ND the theme of consequences and choices.It is debated that Antigen was right for fulfilling her role In Grecian society, and burying Policies. In contrast, Croon Is looked as scum for trying to kill his niece, and son's fiance. Merchant then states, â€Å"Both Antigen and Croon stick stubbornly to what they feel are logical choices -but they are Limited In their knowledge and cannot foresee all the consequences of their choices†. Both of them do not listen to a council, which tries to guide them. If they audience to debate whether Antigen, or Croon wins this tragic war.

Mcdonalds Pestel Analysis

McDonald’s Pestel analysis Political- * There is currently legislation being brought in to prevent fast food companies from advertising at certain times of the day, this is due to the large number of obese children currently in our country. It will see a large change in how the companies can advertise as they feel many kids are being targeted from a young age by fast food companies. * All products need to have full nutritional value on them so consumers can be made aware of the health risks of some of these products, for example in McDonald’s they show on their chips the levels of salt, fat , carbohydrates etc. nd how each portion measures in terms of the recommended daily human intake of these products * The government hold to right on the final say of who is approved to open a franchise, this takes this power out of McDonalds hands Economical- * As a business entity, McDonalds need to face a lot of economic variables outside its company or its macro environment. When looking for a supplier internationally for some of their products McDonalds should be aware on the global supply and currencies exchange.Although McDonalds use larger amounts of Irish beef than previously not all of their products are produced here so any changes in exchange rates may have a massive effect on what they pay on their imports. * McDonalds must face government regulations on tax of profit where it gains from the operation. They also face other costs such as for advertisements and for certain entertainment (such as in store music). Each country may have different scale or types of tax available and McDonalds should follow the regulation if it wants to continue the operation.As most of their branches are a franchise McDonalds will have to cecum to paying certain percentage of the revenue to the parent company in United States. Social- * There is a great need for McDonalds to cater for the different types of customers in different regions, For example in India people (Hind u) do not take beef, Muslim countries do not take pork, German like beers, Finnish like fish type of food menu, Chinese like to associate food with something good (for example prosperity), Asian like rice and Americans eat in big-sized menu. * Technological- Advances in online ordering and methods of paying that McDonalds have yet to adapt may have a negative effect for them, some fast food restaurants offer home delivery and online ordering this is something that McDonalds currently does not do. * They need to look for the next big thing in terms of technology and see how it can benefit them in remaining a power house in the fast food industry. Smart phones and tablets are becoming massive business and is where a lot of innovation takes place. Microsoft’s Xbox Kinect and smart glass are examples for their ambition to remain top in the gaming market, what will McDonalds do?Environmental- * Huge emphasis on recycling and proper waste management over the last few years itâ€⠄¢s important that McDonalds focus on making themselves more environmentally friendly. * Is there more in store that they can do to improve their eco rating. The body shop offers customers the chance to bring back their old bottles to be refilled and reused, while this may not be possible for McDonalds to do due to health and safety they should still look at ways of improving the stores waste management etc. Legal- * Sales figures in Ireland of McDonalds, Supermacs, KFC and Burger King. 1. McDonalds- 2. Supermacs- 3. KFC- 4. Burger King-

History Of The Aircraft Propeller Essays - Propellers, Aerodynamics

History Of The Aircraft Propeller Essays - Propellers, Aerodynamics History Of The Aircraft Propeller History of the Propeller The aircraft propeller looks like a simple mechanism to the uneducated individual. To the educated, an aircraft propeller represents the highest sophistication in aerodynamics, mechanical engineering and structural design. This report will touch on the history of the propeller, from early pioneers/experiments, advancement during/after the war, all the way up to current applications of the propeller. The creation of the propeller can be traced back to Leonardo da Vinci. Da Vincis helical screw helicopter is believed to be the ancestor of the air propeller and the helicopter rotor. The first idea of a propulsive airscrew, however, belongs to J.P. Paucton, a French mathematician. Paucton envisioned a flying machine that had two airscrews, one for propulsion and the other for sustaining flight. The idea of using an airscrew for propulsion was utilized during the late 1700s to early 1800s. Only after experimentation did the inventors conclude that more propulsive power could be obtained by merely straightening out the surface of the airscrew blades. Attempts to utilize the straight blade propeller were made by balloonists. These contraptions were quite strange and hardly fulfilled their purpose of actually propelling the balloon. The basic propeller had evolved from the simple concepts of da Vinci, and was slowly becoming an effective means of aerial propulsion. To reach the next pla teau of flight an increased knowledge of the propeller would be needed, and the mysteries of the propeller and mechanical power would need to be solved. These substantial tasks remained for aviations pioneers to tackle during the 19th century. Throughout the 19th century, aviation pioneers explored and tinkered with the concepts of flight to design a viable airship. Some pioneers tried to transform the balloons into navigable cigar shaped airships by experimenting with sails, propellers, and paddlewheels but all produced limited results. Other experimenters, who were convinced that man flight should have wings, worked to establish basic principles in aerodynamics, flight stability and control, as well as propulsion. Controlled mechanical flight came on August 9, 1884. Charles Renard and A.C. Krebs flew the airship La France on a closed circuit from Chalais-Meudon to Villacoublay and back in 23 minutes. The airship La France was powered by a 9 horsepower electric motor that drove a 23ft diameter propeller and reached a speed of 14.5 mph. This flight was the birth of the dirigible, a steerable, lighter-than-air ship with adequate propulsion. Another important milestone in aviation, was the understanding of aerodynamics. Sir George Cayley, a British theorist, was acclaimed as the father of aerodynamics. He established a solid foundation of aerodynamic principles that were essential to the success of other pioneers. In 1875, Thomas Moy created a large model that had twin 12ft propellers with 6 blades each! Interestingly enough these blades could be adjusted to produce maximum thrust under certain conditions, an early recognition of the need for changing blade pitch. Without a doubt, the most expensive and spectacular project of its time was that carried out by Sir Hiram Maxim. His numerous experiments with propellers, culminated in the construction of a huge, four-ton biplane in 1890. This contraption was powered by two 180hp steam engines that each drove propellers 17ft, 10inches in diameter and weighing 135lbs. The two-blade propellers, inversely tapered and squared at the tips 5 ft wide, were made of American Pine, planed smooth, covered with glued canvas and stayed to the propeller shafts with steel wire to handle the high thrust loads. These massive propellers produced 1,100lbs of thrust each during full power while rotating at 425rpm. Maxims jumbo creation didnt last long however, it jumped the test track and suffered extensive damage. Hands down, the most influential aviation pioneers were the Wright brothers. They had concluded that a propeller was simply a whirling wing, but didnt have the appropriate information to consult when comprehending the fundamental principles of blade shape and motion. This dilemma made designing the propeller one of the Wright brothers most challenging problems. Despite the lack of previous information to consult, the brothers were able to learn, through investigation and trial/error, that large propeller diameters would produce high thrust for a given power input. The brothers also determined that high torque produced by large, slow turning

Reliable Sources for Academic Research - Paperell.com

Reliable Sources for Academic Research Reliable Sources for Academic Research Good research is the foundation that you use to build your academic assignment on. A lot of students struggle with finding reliable sources for research  when they are trying to finish an essay or paper. Students need to make sure that they are getting information from authoritative, unbiased resources that can provide reliable data.Since it is the age of information technology, a lot of students prefer to go online rather spend time at an actual library. Browsing online data is convenient and easy. You can quickly jump back and forth to two or more sources, comparing information and drawing conclusions. You can also copy and paste sentences and paragraphs for revision. But finding reliable information resources is not always easy. The internet is a big place since Google has around 50 billion web pages available.   Moreover, there are almost 5 folds this number of websites available on the invisible web that Google is unable to index. This means that finding what you are looking for might be a challenging task.In this article, we provide a list of credible sources for research. These offer reliable data that can be safely included in an academic essay, task or paper.Virtual LRC: This is a custom version of Google search engine. It works just like Google but only displays the best academic websites. Professors and librarians around the world keep on updating the search by adding reliable sources that students can use any time they like.Google Scholar: This is another version of Google that is customized to search only for scholarly articles and legal documents. It also has a citation feature which helps students track their research and use the citation information in the assignments they write.Internet Public Library: As the name suggests, this is an online free public library that is accessible by anyone. Volunteer librarians and professionals work to help students who are looking for resources or asking questions. More resources are always added to cater to the needs of millions of users worldwide. People are able to browse the resources by subject, so it is a great time-saver.WorldWideScience: This is a comprehensive portal for scientific research that is widely accessible. Science students and researchers have the chance to explore the latest scientific findings in real-time. It also provides approved translations of the world’s latest scientific discoveries.iSEEK Education: This is a specially-designed search engine that caters to the needs of all students, scholars, teachers, professors, administrators, and parents. It is the best place to find academically-approved authoritative and reliable resources that students can use on their own or with the help of their teachers and professors. A lot of academic professionals find this search engine helpful because they can use it to design tasks and activities.Microsoft Academic Search Engine: This tool is provided by Microsoft and caters to the needs of billions of users. It i s mainly used for scientific research and provides instant access to more than 38 billion publications and documents. Moreover, it offers publications, images, and infographics that can be easily included in academic assignments.Google Books: This is another useful tool by Google that will enable you to search billions of the world’s books. There are a lot of free books that you can easily browse, and there is always a preview that will tell you what the book is about. It provides the real library experience in the comfort of your home or classroom. Users are able to browse books by topic or genre and then save them to be read later.Catalog of U.S. Government Publications: This tool will enable you to gather information about federal publications. It enables researches and scholars to easily browse and access historical and modern publications using descriptive records. Users are able to research their topics using the title, subject, and general keywords. Advanced Search pro vides more options.SpringerLink: A lot of users prefer this site because it offers millions of useful links to books, journals, reference works, and protocols. Students and scholars can browse the archives and find a variety of topics and subjects.Whether you are working on a term paper or preparing your thesis, you need to make sure that you are spending enough time researching your topic. Writing an original essay or paper requires making sure that you have access to relevant and practical resources. Today, in-depth research can be conducted anytime and anywhere. All you need is a laptop, an internet connection and the will to succeed.

Framing Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Framing Theory - Research Paper Example The field of economics also widely applies the theory of framing. In general, framing can apply to any situation given that it involves the perception of a theory as portrayed by a given individual or group of individual (Laurah, 2012). The theory of framing has several sub-theories that clarify the variances present in its application. First of all, it has considerations in one of two ways. It is either considered as frames in thought or frames in communication. Its consideration as frames in thought consists of certain mental simplifications of reality, representations, and interpretations. On the other hand, when considered as frames in communication, framing consists of the communication frames between different actors. Another sub-theory of this concept is its view either as being negative or positive. In this view, the positivity or negativity depends more or less on the constituents of a given audience and the kind of information being passed to this audience (Judith, 2010). A further division of framing is it being viewed either as equivalence frames or emphasis frames. As equivalence frames, framing represents the logical equivalent alternatives that are portrayed in different ways. In this view, the information in the presentation is often based on the same fundamentals (Shanto, 1994). The frame, though, that is presented shifts with the result that a perception that is dependent on the reference is created. On the other hand, having emphasis frames simplify reality with a focus on a given subset of the aspect relevant to the prevailing situation. These theories and sub-theories have daily applications whereby the same basis of facts is often used to portray different perspectives of a given phenomenon. For example, one may be quoted and their information interpreted in very many different ways thus yielding different frames to different people. Beside the information being received by the audience, members of the audience also receive the

Diversity Hiring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Diversity Hiring - Essay Example " It is irrefutable that current business operations have evolved over time, confounding managers with new issues. The evolution of new business strategies is in response to the changes in the external environment of business organizations. It should be noted that the developments in the market mentioned were beyond the effects of neither the current economic turmoil nor the technological revolution which radically altered the way business is done. The present mode of business is strongly influenced by the emergence of hypercompetitive markets that resulted from the rapid integration of markets brought about by globalization. As businesses are faced with new challenges and opportunities, it is imperative that they also employ a new approach in doing business. They do this by strengthening their core competencies by aligning their respective resources to their various objectives. It is irrefutable that human resource is the indispensable, if not the most important, asset in a business institution. The contribution of human resource in the success and mere survival of a company cannot be overstated. As such, companies are seen to align their workforce in order to fully reap the opportunities present in the market. Diversity hiring is the new trend in choosing the employees to work for an organization. As more and more companies are embracing this new system, more reports and empirical evidences are also reported which support direct hiring. This report will look at direct hiring as an ethical issue in business organizations. The first part will briefly look at the scope of direct hiring in the United States. Discussions on its advantages and ethical considerations will also be set forth. The paper will conclude with the key points tackled. Scope of Diversity Hiring The first step toward creating a more diversified workforce was taken by the President John F. Kennedy with the establishment of The President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. This effort gave way in the formation of workforce which is comprised of people with different nationality. It should be noted that during this period there is a lack of appreciation of the value of diverse teams. In contrast, the program was enacted to create equal opportunity for prospective employees regardless of their ethnicity. However, the present day situation is now different. The importance of having a diverse team working for a business organization is not only done in order to comply with this requirement but due to the perceived value of inclusivity. In fact, a leading proponent of diversity recognized the importance of hiring employees with diverse backgrounds in order to boost the performance of a business organization. Gloria Johnson Goins, the vice president of diversity and inclusiveness for the Home Depot asserted American businesses should willing embrace this new trend in order for them to adapt to the nation's business demographics. According to ASME, workplace diversity is "the variety among people related to such factors as age, culture, education, employee status, family status, function, gender, national origin, physical appearance, race, regional origin, religion, sexual orientation, and thinking style." Thus, diversity embraces the differences among individuals and utilizes them for the utmost benefit of the business organization. As companies come to recognize the contribution of workplace