Performance Measurement Paper

achievement Mea trustworthyment musical theme LaVonda Jones MGT/437 6/30/2010 Dr. Kemit Grafton Performance Measurement Paper Project double-deckers accustom surgical process measurement to help plan, initiate, exercise, and close labor movements that they turn tail on. apply measures like evaluating, controlling, and budgeting helps project managers and aggroup members monitor progress on the project. In this paper, one will contrast and contrast the above measurements and talk of the importance of each within a project. Evaluating a Project Using the evaluating measure helps the project manager improve the performance of the team up.They determine what the team needs so that the team may accomplish the goals set in the planning phase of the project. When the project manager evaluates a project, the manager makes sure that the goals for the project ar clear. The strategies and objectives are coherent for the team to understand how they should acquit a successful proje ct. The project manager must work with the team and agree on a plan for the project. The team will use all resources that are available to them when evaluating their project. Clarifying ground rules are demand so that all team members are working together in the same direction.Negotiations are necessary by the team as a whole and documentation is necessary to keep written proof of project ordeals. For a project manager to efficiently evaluate their project, the project manager should keep track of past projects and use them to set the standard or determine if things are moving along on track for the rude(a) project. 2. To Control How can managers ensure their subordinates are doing the right thing. Today managers do not control their workforce mechanically (measurement of time-and-motion for control as during Taylor) heretofore managers still use measures to control, while allowing some space for freedom in the workforce. Robert Kaplan & David Norton) Business has control bias. B ecause traditional measurement clay sprung from finance function, the system has a control bias. Organisation create measurement systems that specify limit actions they want execute- for branch employess to take a particular ways to execute what they want- branch to spend money. Then they want to measure to see whether the employees get in fact taken those actions. Need to measure input by individual into organisation and process.Officials need to measure behavior of individuals then compare this performance with requirements to check who has and has not complied. Often such requirements are set forth only as guidelines. Do not be fooled. These guidelines are rattling requirements and those requirement are designed to control. The measurement of compliance with these requirements is the mechanism of control. 3. To work out Budgets are crude tools in improving performance. Poor performance not always may change after applying budgets cuts as a corrective actions. Sometimes bud gets increase could be the answer to improving performance.Like purchasing bettor technology because the current ones are outdated and harm operational processes. So decision highly influenced by circomstance, you need measures to better understand the situation. At the macro level, elected officials deciding which purpose of government actions are ancient or secondary. Political priorities drive macro budgetory choices. Once elected officials gull established macro political priorities, those responsible for little decisions may attempt to invest their limited allocation of resources in the most cost-effective units and activities.In allocating budgets, managers, in response to macro budget allocations (driven by political objectives), determin alloactions at the micro level by using measures of efficiency of various activities, which programs or organisations are more efficient at achieving the political objectives. Why spend limited funds on programs that do not guarantee ex ceptional performance? Efficiency is determined by observing performance- output and outcome achieved considering procedure of people involved in the process (productivity per person) and cost-data (capturing direct cost as well as indirect)

The teens old enough to drink had some beers

To the Editor, When I read the letter about increasing the age at which wad can sully intoxicant, I felt I had to write. I decidedly disagree with this idea Just because someone can non bargain for alcohol doesnt mean that person cant get drunk.Many state between 18 and 30 ar responsible enough to taint alcohol. Even if you argue otherwise, teenagers and young heavy(a)s can still get alcoholand one way is the very responsible adults argued in favor of.If teenagers are not equipped to handle the effects of alcohol, then neither are those adults. When I was eleven, I went camping with my parents and some family friends. The teens old enough to crapulence had some beers, but stopped when they had a buzz on. One adult drank so more than she made herself sick. We heard her throwing up in the bushes How much more proof do you need that adults are more puerile than teenagers?If this law were put to a vote, many people would oppose it. not only is it stupid, it is unenforceable thither arent enough police officers to supervise all places that sell alcohol, let alone teens and young adults who might buy alcohol Current laws prohibiting teens from buying alcohol are fine. Merchants check appointment and refuse service to anyone under 18.Obviously they do a good job, considering how a few(prenominal) teens die in accidents every year in comparison with adults. aspect at the numbers alone, the adults obviously need babysitting, not the kids.Its not fair to restrict teenagers and young adults access to alcohol. It wont work, anyway, since there are always enough adults who are gullible enough to buy alcohol for kids who ask them or bribe them enough. Lets search it Anne Helmers idea is just plain stupid.

Double consciousness

W. E. B Du Bois The Souls of sear Folk is a powerful and engaging explication on the condition of the American inkiness. The article traces the problems of African Americans struggle with identity in livid-based America and the seemingly impossible task to carving a whimsical identity and self-consciousness. It is, as he nones, a history of this strife, this longing to ready self- conscious manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self. Introduced in this line is the concept of a double consciousness. Du Bois believes that being black has been some(prenominal) a blessing and a curse since one was born with a veil but also gifted with second-sight. The world does not introduce the Negro a true self-consciousness for his sentience of self is unceasingly reflection of how others see him a refracted image of oneself that has been dictated and distorted by others with amused contempt and pity. An American Negro therefore feels a sense of duality with two war ring ideals in one dark body. to that extent the task to transcend that double consciousness and find union surrounded by two dualities is a difficult one for it is a painful journey of doubt and confusion in seeking double aims and unreconciled ideals. The American Negro needs to speak the language of the whites and accept their culture thus far not be ashamed of his own. He must yet differentiate that in order for there to be an emancipated future, the American Negro needs the knowledge of the white world which was Greek to his own chassis and blood and for a culture he rightly belongs, he could not articulate the message. Martin Luther King Jr. , arguably the most renowned of African Americans, is perhaps an apt example of the double consciousness and the struggle of the American Negro Du Bois writes of. In his desire to advance the rights of African Americans, end racial segregation and discrimination, King needed to speak the language of the white someone and ironically share the ideals of liberty and freedom advanced by white Anglo-Saxon society. Yet King saw that it was necessary in the figure of this the land of their fathers fathers, and in the name of human opportunity.

External Stakeholders Interest or Claim in Coca-Cola Essay

remote Stakeholders play an essential cut off in the triumph of coca dummy. With tabu the away stakeholders, coca skunk would not be the success it is today. These organizations and persons who are considered to be external stakeholders vary in range and responsibility. The most(prenominal) basic of the external stakeholders but one of the most essential are the customers. Without the customers, coca plant pinhead would be just a name and not a product or multi-national and international organization. Customers range from individuals to stores or late(prenominal) organizations. The customers hold one of the most important parts in coca plant Colas success. The performance of the organization is measured by the sales of the Coca Cola products. Also, the entertain of what is hot and trending, whether it be a new flavor or a change in the bottling of a product, the customers shoot is what the come with moldiness take into consideration when inaugurateing its product t o this external stakeholder. other external stakeholder who is vital to Coca Cola is the suppliers. The suppliers range from the materials to the packaging company play an essential role in the workings of everyday life history within and around Coca Cola. Communication in and around the confer chain through management it alleviates to keep a well-oiled machine going. The suppliers interest or claim in Coca Cola is simple. With Coca Cola as one of its clients, these suppliers stand to run and make a swell profit and meet continuous business. The quality of the work these suppliers have must meet Coca Colas standards. These suppliers insure Coca Cola that their standards are up to par and are inspected. (Dione, 2010). Competitors are another external stakeholder. Coca Cola has various competitors from Pepsi to 7up (Dione, 2010).. These competitors keep Coca Cola on their toes. The interest these external stakeholders have is making sure they are touring combative with what Coc a Cola is presenting and selling. These competitors do not want to be out sold Coca Cola. What this does for Coca Cola is it keeps them on their toes.Companies that know they have competition are creative and innovative as they try to stay one step ahead of their competition. Media is an external stakeholder. Advertising is used to present commercial of current and new products. Coca Cola takes advantage of this by using the media to promote its brand foundingwide. From television, newspapers, magazines, radio, and the internet, the world drive outfind Coca Cola everywhere. The local community is a stakeholder. Organization such as Green Peace, Labor Unions, and other environment organizations have the opportunity to aim their name and cause in front of the public with the help and realise of Coca Cola. (Dione, 2010). Government Agencies are also external stakeholder.Coca Cola is an international organization. Coca Cola have to coordinate with political relations around the wor ld to sell their products. Knowing the customs and the regulations of that country is important. The interest held by the government is that the presence of Coca Cola within its country can help its economy. ( be Stakeholders And Their Responsibilities, 2003-2013). These external stakeholders all have a stake in the success of Coca Cola. From the customers to the suppliers, media, and the competitors, they all have some to gain and lose. on the whole of these external elements are what make Coca Cola what it is today and tomorrow. External Stakeholders Authority and Responsibility to Coca ColaEach external stakeholder has position and responsibility to their community, competitor, and those who have an interest in it. Many organizations support their community. In return, the organization expects some sort of loyalty in return. Customers have the representation to make or break a company. Whether they purchase the product or speak out against the product. The voice of the consume r is powerful. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the consumers to speak out responsibly. (Defining Stakeholders And Their Responsibilities, 2003-2013). Suppliers have the authority to slow up or speed up productions.If a supplier is out of a material needed, that supplier can halt the production and hurt sales. It is the responsibility of the supplier to keep on top of knowing what they have and how much of what they have. Communicating that information to Coca Cola is essential in their business with Coca Cola and come-at-able other companies. (Defining Stakeholders And Their Responsibilities, 2003-2013). It is the authority and responsibility of the external stakeholders to play their part in creating and promoting a working relationship to benefits both the external stakeholder and Coca Cola.ReferencesDefining Stakeholders and their responsibilities. (2003-2013). Retrieved from http//www.ukessays.com/essays/business/defining-stakeholders-and-their- responsibilities-and-infl uence-on-organisations-business-essay.phpDione, Ivana. (2010). Identification of Coca ColasOrganizational Environment. Retrieved from http//www.scribd.com/doc/26976302/Organizational-Environment-Identification-in- Coca-Cola-Bottling-Indonesia

Pulse and Heart Rate Essay

1. Determine your optic roam by taking your radial thump and then your carotid pulse. What was your warmth rate in each instance?For my radial pulse my oculus rate was 86 beats per minute. For my carotid pulse my means rate was 90 beats per minute.Explain which artery you found easier to go for and why.The artery that I found easier to use was the carotid artery and my rationalness for that is because the pulse felt stronger.2. Which two websites did you use to determine your target shopping center rate? The two websites I used to determine my target heart are www.active.com/fitness and www.webmd.com/body-bmi-calculator3. What was your target heart rate zone on each of these websites? Were the zones the same? According to Active.com my target heart rate is betwixt 101-131 beats per minute. Webmd.com determined my target heart rate to be between 101-131 beats per minute. Yes, the heart rate zones were very similar.4. Do you think the campaign for your target heart rate zone s identified by these websites is reasonable? why or why not? Yes, I do think that the setting of my target heart rate zone is reasonable because my heart rate should be faster when I am exercising.5. How does understanding your target heart rate zone help you break your physical fitness? discernment your target heart rate zone grass help improve your physical fitness because it can help you maintain your intensity aim when exercising.6. Describe a physical activity you have done sooner when you have failed the talk test. What would you change about that activity in beau monde to pass the talk test? One physical activity that I have done before where I had failed the talk test was when I had to swim out to a marking point in a lake. What I would change about that activity so I can pass the talk test is to practice more on my swimming.

Jetblue Airways: Managing Growth

rave blue Air substances Managing maturement 1. Jet blue air? s Business- level system value and address drivers Jet Blue uses to create and maintain ist competitive position Founded by the discount airline veteran David Neeleman in 2000, JetBlue Airways has quickly become superstar of the largest discount airlines in the United States. Starting primarily by suffice the East Coast, the airline has since expanded throughout the country and entered the international market.The reasons for its previous(predicate) success be many JetBlue entered the market with bingle of the largest levels of liquidity of any(prenominal) start-up airline it met the needs of clients whose primary commercial enterprises are price and route and it successfully defined its brand and differentiated itself from competitors by offering an above add up customer experience and amenities for a discounted price. They are offering fares with the spot to point system. JetBlue? s business-level strat egy is therefore a mix of cost-leadership and differentiation.David Neelemans idea behind JetBlue was to start a troupe that combined the low-down fares of a discount airline carrier with the comforts of a piddling cozy den in peoples homes. His vision elusive both business and leisure customers to have cheap and affordable flights throughout the United States and abroad on newfounder aircraft that are non al hotshot comfortable, solely are equipped with modern entertainment natural selections, and a customer central business model which makes customer service a number star anteriority.In contrast to its competitors, for example, JetBlue offers fares up to 65% scorn simply added comfort features such(prenominal) as assigned seating, leather upholstery and satellite TV on various(prenominal) screens in every seat. Moreover, they are practicing a nonice-to-the-destinations-at- only-cost culture, which makes it their declared aim neer to faecescel a flight. JetBlue Ai rways does not operate to a traditional commissioning statement rather, it operates to a set of core values Safety, Caring, Integrity, Fun, and Passion. 2. Strategic root word map of the airline industry positioning to create a strategic competitive vantage ompany Routes serviced Prices size Continental 292 1,586 44939 Delta 587 1,009 118856 southwestward 97 0,775 77693 JetBlue 71 1,371 14729 American 336 0,186 745700 United 180 1,706 67000 The biggest and simultaneously oldest airline companies are United, American, Delta and Continental Airline. This is why they are referred to as legacy carriers. Their strategic competitive advantage is the hub and spoke system. In this system, airlines created hubs at specific airports where thousands of passengers were shuttled to their connecting flights, the so called spokes.In doing so, these airlines can examine to keep costs low and protect market share. An an different(prenominal) reason strengthen this strategy is that passengers c an travel between numerous destinations without changing airlines. Delta uses this strategy to dominate geographical segments of the market, for example Atlanta. Southwest Airlines on the other hand established a completely different strategy. They take passengers instantly between cities, which is referred to as point to point. Additionally, Southwest is using secondary airports service of process major metropolitan areas.With their different strategic advantage, they are able to eviscerate another target market. Because they offer fares between cities that are often little than 500 miles apart, they targeted customers that would have otherwise traveled by car. In this way Southwest maintains lofty levels of plane utilization magical spell keeping its operating(a) costs low enough to support its discounted fares. Another part of their strategy is their reliance on a single type of plane, the Boing 737. This allowed them to standardize make and flight personnel training whi ch decreased the airline? average turnround time between landing and starting again. Moreover, Southwest focuses on customers whose priority is low-cost, on-time performance. There are no complications for customers, like seat assignments. Therefore, Southwest as headspring as Jet Blue are considered as low cost carriers (LCC). Jet Blue offers fares up to 65 per cent lower than legacy competitors. Jet Blue Airways positions itself by connecting large, characteristicly northeastern, US cities with warmed cities in the southeast. Jet Blue? s emphasis is like Southwest? s on low fares and point to point transportation.Jet Blue entered the market like Southwest with only matchless machine, the A320. In this way they could visit serving a variety of medium- and long-haul routes and numerous overnight flights. Jet Blue could as well as standardize its training and servicing processes around the aircraft. This allowed them to gain flexibleness in scheduling and capacity management. A nother feature for customers to make locomotion with this airline to a greater extent attractive are added comfort features such as assigned seating, leather upholstery and satellite TV on individual screens in every seat.Their key principle was that flight cancellation should be avoided at all costs. In 2005, Jet Blue broadened their portfolio in entering the market of medium-sized cities, which was served only by regional airlines. They entered this market using a new midsized aircraft called Excl. In launching this new machine, they were able to use synergy of combining the A320 and the E190 productively while serving now smaller and bigger airports. This portfolio mix gives Jet Blue a yet matchless, strategic competitive advantage compared to the other airlines.Their goal now should be to improve the synergy between the deuce machines and the profitably run their fleet with the optimum amount of aircrafts. 3. Strategy/ coordinate needed to support the A320 versus the E190 reco ncilable differences? opportunities for synergy The new developed strategy of Jet Blue was to acquire enough E190 aircrafts to serve medium- sized cities to contribute a steady flow of passengers to fill the seats on the longer-haul routes of their A320 aircrafts. A big advantage of this system was that it also worked the other way around.Jet Blue off-key out to have an enormous advantage in simile to the regional airlines, because the E190 had more seats than the traditional RJ. They could use the best option for efficiently serving medium-sized markets while offering passengers more comfort, because they did not had to construction limitations on the size of the planes as RJ did. Therefore, Jet Blue has to overcome close to essential problems caused by significant differences between these two aircrafts. On the one hand, the E 190 is operated at 12 per cent greater costs than the A320, therefore 34 per cent less costs than for a typical RJ.The E 190 was a great innovation be cause it could target a wider range of profitable destinations with a greater seating capacity to fertilize into A320 flights. This results in higher stretch alongs and improved economics for Jet Blue. The breakeven load for the E190 of 75-80 per cent was much lower than for the A320, which made is easier to introduce service into new markets. One of the problems is that it takes up to 40 to 50 airplanes before a company benefits from economies of scale. And while taking delivery of the new E190, Jet Blue proceed its purchases of A320 aircrafts.Reasons therefore are that this machine had proven to be an extremely certain machine, and Jet Blue had standardized its operations around this plane. Another concern is the dual certification for buffer zones . It was simply not feasible for a pilot to simultaneously obtain enough flights as an E190 captain and as an A320 captain. This message pilots could only fly one of the two machines. This brought up another produce An A320 capta in received higher hourly wage rate than an E190 captain.This is why they had to keep pace with the A320 deliveries. The short-haul routes served by the E190 increase revenues but they also increased costs. The reason therefore is as more frequent flights required E190 aircrafts to exit more time on the run aground than the A320 for taxiing, shipment, and unloading between flights because the processes were not standardized yet. This resulted in a disadvantage in accumulating flying hours for pilots, because they get only credit for time conk in the air.Any time spend on the ground was not included. This unnatural their whole seniority and income availability, which is level(p) to the number of airplanes they take. Additionally, the E190 has non-skid flooring on the cargo bins as a sanctuary feature to prevent baggage handlers from slipping on the floor while loading and unloading. Although it was intended to be a good thing, it increased loading time and also increased the po tential for strains and back sprains as handlers had to uprise bags they previously have slid.Also flight attendants had to make significant adjustments. The E 190 had smaller galleys from which to serve customers. The shorter duration of E190 flights provided less time for the attendants to provide the high level of service to which jet Blue passengers had become accustomed. The work of the employees in charge of servicing and maintaining Jet Blue? s fleet also increased considerably. They had now two completely different machines to take solicitude of manufactured by different companies. This created additional operating complexity.This is why they inflexible to invest in maintenance capabilities. The last and most important conference affected by the differences between the two machines is customers. Changes in their behavior and expectations are required. E exceptionally concerning to the carry- on baggage, because the storage bins are from different sizes. This means passen gers can take the same baggage in one machine as hand luggage, on the other machine they need to check it at the gate. There are enough opportunities for synergy effects.The system of the two machines running(a) together is still in its introductory phase. Once these difficulties and maintenance and special level of service for the customers are overcome, the synergy should run pretty well as it was intended to be. 4. Efforts of JetBlue to repair damage to its reputation successful efforts? essential/ successful alternate in CEO? The Valentine ? s Day crisis that would afterwards be referred to as the worst operational week in JetBlue? s seven-year history, began on February 14, 2007 when flights from JFK were heavily booked.Although the snow lingered longer than expected, JetBlue boarded its flights. As the snow turned to freezing rain the FAA prohibited domestic flights from taking off. This winter coerce that enveloped the New York metropolitan region and JetBlues hub at John F. Kennedy internationalistic Airport left hundreds of the companys passengers stranded aboard planes on the tarmac, some for as many as ten hours. Hundreds more waited in vain in the terminal for flights that the airline would eventually cancel.The flight disruptions at JFK plunged JetBlues entire operation into chaos, forcing the carrier to cancel more than one thousand flights over a six day period. In the morning time of this Wednesday, JetBlue? s executives and employees had no idea that an operational catastrophe was about to happen, one that would threaten the companys financial stability and tarnish its otherwise sterling public image. David Neeleman stepped down after the Valentines Day consequent in 2007 only because his organization failed to deliver on its principles of excellent customer service.To restore its reputation, JetBlue embarked on a bold and unconventional image regaining campaign that included issuing disarmingly candid public apologies and a innate ne w covenant between the company and its customers called the JetBlue Airways Customer Bill of Rights. The change of management was instituted to help rebuild JetBlues tarnished reputation and to develop groundbreaking strategies which would prevent situations like that from ever happening again. The CEO described the tool of rights as a written covenant between the company and its customers.The wit of rights specified in no uncertain terms the monetary stipend customers would receive if JetBlue failed to meet certain performance benchmarks, such as ground delays after landing. The Bill of Rights, allowed JetBlue to strengthen its brand among loyal customers and even those who were affected in the airlines operational difficulties at JFK and other airports crossways the country. Additionally, the announcement of the Bill of Rights served as a brawny introduction to immeasurable other air travelers who had yet to fly with the airline.In addition, the Valentines Day crisis taugh t the bodied Communications group valuable lessons about using the Web and loving media. For example, the corporate communication team arranged for Neeleman to appear on more than a dozen television news and talk show programs on February 20, including The Today Show and The Late Show with David Letterman. Neeleman had already starred in videos posted to JetBlues Web site and YouTube in which he utter he was humiliated and mortified by the companys failures.Through numerous written and spoken mea culpas, Neeleman begged JetBlues customers for forgiveness. I feel that JetBlue? s powerful brand, corporate structure, and agility as a smaller airline should change it to rebound from the Valentine? s Day crisis in 2007 and beyond. Of course, the events that began at JFK will not soon be forgotten by the public or the organization, but the issuance of the JetBlue Airways Customer Bill of Rights and the apologies demonstrated the airlines commitment to its patrons over the long term, n ot just in the days and weeks next the onset of the crisis.

Path of Accounting

The c argoner field I chose is pay. In a charge of finance there are a number of incompatible tasks I would potenti in whollyy engender to do. Accountants and other jobs in the field of finance pay to keep track of m championy and records of companies. In finance you princip eachy provide financial services to moving ines. It may require one to break down advice to executives of ac spangledgement linees on better ways to ope yard their disdain. To have a passage in finance it is a must to be good at math and great at relationss with/analyzing numbers and info. If you are not good at math or with numbers then creation is good in this race give be nearly unimaginable because you wont be able to analyze the data you are presented with, which will probably fare everything seem foreign because you lack understanding.Most importantly, a career in finance requires honesty. Having access to other peoples and other businesses money is a serious task to be laid with. That responsibility is not one to be lightly or one that all(a)ows the chance for mis dish outs. My career intent is to be a financial control. I have wanted to be an comptroller as long as I back aliketh remember. Ive always wanted to be an accountant because I am good at math. To be an accountant my career field would have to be finance and I could choose business and wariness, only if I would definitely have to do finance. Finance and history is offered at every university, so I wouldnt sincerely have finding a school. The job requirement of an accountant is all dealing with finance.As an accountant, it is your job to provide financial information to the management you bring for. To do this, an accountant researches and analyzes data and has to prepare reports for the comp some(prenominal). Keeping track of the financial records on the company is in addition a part of macrocosm an accountant. Another promontory of emphasize is the importance of interning at a bank or busi ness to gain experience in the field of accounting.I would most likely be an accountant in the states of youthful York, Ohio, or Wisconsin. I would like to take a leak not likewise close to Chicago, but not too far-off away either. According to US News.com the monthly salaries in the states of Wisconsin and Ohio are $4, 052 and $3,812 respectively. In New York the monthly salary is $7,476. The mellowest salaryfor an accountant is in New York at $89,720 followed by New Jersey and San Francisco at $87,120 and $86,230 respectively.Other forms of accountants I am interested in is organism a forensic accountant and management accountant. As a forensics accountant it is ones job to analyze and access data to booster solve crimes. It in like manner requires you to detect any signs or forms of malingerer that could lead to anything. Watching show numerous crime shows have throw off lights on forensic accounting for me, which is why I have buy the farm so interested in it. Being a management accountant is much like a financial accountant. I would vertical work with the managers of businesses or corporations more often and provide them with information to help them make the flop decision to benefit their company.I would just come up with all the strategies to help improve the company than work with the manager to pound the right decision made, so my work space would be different. Instead of world at a desk on a com doer I would have to make representation of data in charts on boards, computer, poster, and etc. This would also result in me spending time in the meeting inhabit with executives and managers than other accountants would. The semester credits I am requires to earn depends on what the college itself requires, although most colleges will require me to have 150 semester credits from a university correspond to Accounting Coach CPA requirements. after(prenominal) I gain enough credit myself and anyone else striving to become an accountant is requ ired to take the CPA trialination and rotternot begin working as an accountant until they pass it. The CPA exam is followed by an Ethic Exam and they both really test on if ones readiness for a career in accounting. After passing these two test which are both advised to take as soon as one can while all the info is soothe fresh, you can start your career in accounting. An accountant usually work twelve hour shifts in their place of business at an computer analyzing data, consulting with managers, or studying data that is given to them, which can be boring if you dont enjoy math.One of the colleges I am interested in go toing to become an accountant is The Ohio nation University primed(p) in Columbus, Ohio. According to Forbes Top Collges.com the GPA requirement for is a 3.6 and the make up requirement is about a 26 with that being the average. Another of their requirements is for entree schoolchilds have to at least have taken two long time of a foreign language class, pref erably the same language, so that they be fluent in one language instead of mediocre in many.The cost of tuition andfees at The Ohio take University is $26,726 and when you include books, room and things it all adds up to $44,215. Being such a big school Ohio State go fors 64% of its applicants and 93% of freshman return for their scrap form. The four socio-economic class grade rate is 51% and the six year graduation rate is 80%. Graduation rate for African American students is 73%. My second school is Stanford University which is located in Stanford, California.In Stanford University pamphlet the average GPA and impress scores for people accepted into Stanford is a 3.6 and a 31. Tuition is $43,245 and student population is large at 17, 833 with 52% being males and 10% being African Americans. The big fact is Stanford on accepts about 8% of its applicants and of those they accept 98% return after their first year. The four year graduation rate is 80% and the six year graduati on rate is 93% which I didnt know was higher than Ohio States because of how difficult a school it is. The graduation rate for males is 94% and 92% for African Americans.The last school I selected is the University of Wisconsin-Madison which is located, exactly where the name of the school says, Madison, Wisconsin. The University of Wisconsin and Ohio State is like I said about the job, I would like to attend school not too far from Chicago, but not too close either. Forbes Top Schools.com shows that the total population is 41,946 with 46% of that being males and 3% being African Americans. The cost for tuition is $40,012. The average GPA is a 3.4 and for my desired major it is 3.5 while the average ACT is a 26. 94 of its students come back for their second year, while the transfer rate is 12%. The four year graduation rate is 52% and the six year graduation rate is 80%. The graduation rate for males at the University of Wisconsin is 82% and the graduation rate for African American students is 78%.My end tendency is to become a financial accountant after college. I know attending The Ohio State University will definitely help me achieve this address because they have one of the better accounting programs in the country. Ive gotten to leap out the school and sit in on an accounting class, so I have first-hand experience of what its like. Out of the information and things I wise to(p) about all three schools I picked, The Ohio State University is the most challenge to me. Having over 90% graduation rates for males and African Americans is the numbers that really jump out at me, but that doesnt mean if I go to The Ohio State University that the locomote will be easy.It maybe the best fit or my top choice, but there are still obstacles like the size of Ohio State. A school with over 55,000 students will be a big adjustments from anywhere, but I have just have to keep looking ahead to my end goal. The next dance step I need to take in order to reach my goa l is continue to develop my skills not only in math, but also work to improve my ACT score so I can get what I need to be accepted into Ohio State. I already have a lot of skills that I need to pursuit my career like being superb in math, great at analyzing data, and dealing with charts and graphs.I feel I have great self-discipline which I commit everyone must have before they even think of going to college, but I still need to greatly improve in practically of things. I must continue to work on my social skills because being at college with thousands of college can be even more difficult than it already will and I will work to be better at not procrastinating because at times I may wait for the last moment to do things because it seems easy or I get too confident with my ability to do work quick, so I put it off until the last minute. I need to continue to stay center and take advantage of the many opportunitiesI have presented to me. This includes ACT prep, college visits, ext ra-curricular activities, and any other program offered to me.Though, my most important thing to do to help me achieve my goal right now it to just simply concentre on what I need to do right now in high school because that is whats most important right now. I can face my care path and continue to work impending to my end goal when I get to that point, but I still have to get to that step and I must finish high school to do it. While researching for this project I realized all the information Ive had to research is nothing, but beneficial to me and achieving my goals. Ive well-educated things about these colleges I didnt know and apprizeed of what is required of me to get accepted into the colleges of my choosing and what is required of me to strive in the career of my choosing.The process of doing this subject has helped me to learn of all the things I still need to work on and what I still need to achieve. Before this paper I conception I knew everything of what was required to be an accountant an attend the colleges of my choice, but doing this project has shed light on things I didnt know and certified me that there are still things I still need to learn more about and continue to work on because Im not where I need to be yet. There are many obstacles in place that I stillmust face and dominate before I can reach my end goal of decent a financial accountant, but doing this project has made the long journey to achieving my goal that I have ahead a lot easier than it wouldve been.

Hamlet Questions Answered Essay

call into question 1 Laertes and Polonius provide several(prenominal) explanations of their reasons for Ophelia to check into seeing village. Both their opinions appear to be unreasonable, which is evident through with(predicate) their oppressive and restrictive attitudes. Laertes believes Ophelia is beneath Hamlet on social level, and so he voices that the princes, choice must be circumscribed. This is unreasonable as Laertes is lessen Ophelias confidence by referring to the fact that Hamlets teammate will be chosen for him, and Ophelia would not fit this role, or be considered for it. Laertes continues to refer to Hamlet in a negative matter, stating that his, love, is, not permanent, and, the odour and suppliance of a minute, meaning it is brief, and temporary. Polonius excessively renders unreasonable arguments as to wherefore Ophelia should stop seeing Hamlet.The hypocritical nature of Polonius is evident through his commands to Ophelia To thine own self-importance be align, which is later followed by, youll tender me a fool. It is clear that Polonius is only bear on with sculpting Ophelia to act a specific way to ensure that his own account is not tainted. Polonius states, give every man thine ear, but few thy voice. This also acts as a contrast to the previous financial statement, as Ophelia cannot be true to herself if she has to, reserve, her true self. manifestly, Polonius offers an unreasonable opinion to encourage the discontinuation of Ophelias race with Hamlet. Question 3 Both soliloquies voiced by Hamlet bring similar ideas and concepts, which atomic number 18 crucial to understanding the nature of his character.The two soliloquies present Hamlet as an isolated figure, which is seen by the language such as, and thy regulation all alone shall live, and, break, my heart, for I must hold my tongue. These statements express the amiable anguish Hamlet is experiencing in his, distracted globe, a metaphor for his dislocated thoug hts. The soliloquies also contain elements of hatred towards women. For Hamlet it particularly involves his mother, however he generalises his statement by voicing, frailty, thy name is woman This is continued in his assist soliloquy where Hamlet states, O most pernicious woman Evidently Hamlet struggles to respect the role of women and the mannerisms of his mother, whom he refers to as a, beast, who married Claudius at a, wicked, speed. Question 6 Hamlet gives signs for potential cult in his head start soliloquy, where he desires to commit suicide if it were not for the fact that God is, gainst self slaughter. He refers to his hatred towards the world and its, weary, stale, and unprofitable, atmosphere.The negativity towards the nature of the world explicit by Hamlet provides a possible reason as to why he often isolates himself. Isolation is a dynamic that ultimately lam to madness, which is eventually what occurs with Hamlet. Furthermore, the audience obtains an indication o f Hamlets potential for madness in the scene where he tells Horatio and Marcellus to, swear, their silence in relation to the ghost. Hamlet explains that he will put on an, antic disposition, which means he will, behave in a strange manner. The irony in this statement is that Hamlet does in fact go mad, and he announces this to Horatio and Marcellus as a means of giving himself permission to act, out of joint. Question 7 Claudius attempts to earnings over Denmark with his charming and manipulative behaviour, which is seen in the irony of his words Our nigh(a) brothers death, the memory be green.Claudius associates the death of his brother with smart life and growth, so when the audience becomes aware of the, unnatural, and, foul, murder he committed, we are confronted with his wickedness. To establish his popularity Claudius repeatedly uses language that signifies national unity such as the, jointress of this warlike state, and our heartsour whole faggotdom. This conscious work displayed by Claudius demonstrates his methodology in having Denmark view him as a compassionate and practical King. Question 8 There is a reference to the fact that Denmark is a Catholic country when the ghost states that he was, cut off even in the blossoms of my sin/Unhouseld, disappointed, unaneled/no reckoning madeThis provides certify for Catholicism as the apparition was not able to confess his sins (died without the Last Rites). A spot reference which expresses Denmark as a Catholic country is shown when Hamlet remarks, O, that this too too solid flesh would melt/Thaw and resolve itself into a dew Or that the Everlasting had not fixd/ His canon gainst self-slaughter. This express indicates that Hamlet wished to commit suicide, but cannot as it is considered wrong in the eyeball of God, therefore he would not be able to forgive himself in the afterlife. This is why Hamlet wishes he could, melt, which would save him from the guilt he would touch sensation due to self-sla ughter.Question 9There are significant differences amid the previous King Hamlet and King Claudius. The audience is given evidence that Old King Hamlet was a respectable and genuine draw through Prince Hamlets remark, So excellent a kingso loving It is clear the King Hamlet was honest and pity in all his actions this contrasts with King Claudius character, who is scheming and power-hungry, so much so that he murdered his own brother, which he concealed due to his misleading personality. King Hamlet tackled foreign policies openly and was so good a leader that he defeated Old Fortinbras, which had him take his land for the sight of Denmark. King Claudius acts in a less honourable manner, where he leads Denmark on the basis of impressions, similar to politicians as seen in the modern age.

Functions of Management Essay

grand music directors are fair and respectful to employees. They dont ask employees to do anything they would not do themselves. They show up on time, and they are a good role model who leads by example. Great managers are honest and accept their faults, and they are able to publicly hold back when they are wrong. Great manager is someone who is a good listener and is proactive in dealing with issues and not afraid to get in the trenches with his or her co pee-peeers.A not bad(p) manager leads workers, but at the equal time does not generate resentment by being likewise bossy. A dandy manager builds close connections with the people they supervise. A abundant manager recognizes employees for their contributions at work. This is one of the surest ways to secure employee loyalty and brighten the perception that you are smart enough to understand that you dont know everything. mention and rewards do not typically lease to be monetary. In most cases, simple public recognition is all that is required. Recognition nurtures the soul, it feels good, and it stimulates a desire to repeat positive behavior at work. great manager is approachable and possesses a likeable personality. Moreover, a great manager has a sense of humor about the world and themselves. And a great manager understands that they need to manage systems, but more importantly they need to manage the way they relate to their employees.I havent seen nor work for an uneffective manager. An ineffective manager muckle make workers of all levels miserable, which can result in low employee morale, stress, and turnover. Why are some managers ineffective? It could be because these managers define themselves only as a manager, and not likewise as a leader because managers try to plan, organize, and coordinate, and leaders aim to exalt and motivate. They may view leadership and counseling as two antithetical entities, when in reality leadership and management need to go hand-in-hand. The managemen t does meaningful work in a culture of respect, camaraderie and teamwork. They find by analyzing the culture to establish a benchmark, then measure supercharge regularly. Determine what matters most to your employees Meaningful work, Recognition, Respect for management, Communications, and Empowerment. Acknowledging someone differences, they maximize individual strengths. They commit to continuous improvement. Management must place as luxuriously a priority on employee satisfaction as it does on node satisfaction, quality, financials and other strategic performance measures.

An explanation of how disability may affect development

Ways a practi starr can support a chela with disabilities and how they will affect the babys development. Autism. Children with autism need a strict routine, so they do non feel ill at ease(predicate) in their setting. The room that they are in in the setting should likewise be child proofed so they do non injure themselves or others. Eczema. Practioners will be required to perpetrate cream on to the child with eczema, they should also be weary non to draw attention to the child, as this may make them feel uncomfortable and different. Blind.The setting should be provided with brail and extra guidance materials for children who are blind. The practioners should also feat to happen the classroom tidy and hazard free as this will reduce the risk of injuries. Down syndrome. Settings should offer one to one support to children with Down syndrome and other disabilities, they should use gestures and signs and other forms of communication in order to include these children in daily activities so they arent leftfield to feel left out or different from other children.ADHD. Practioners should try to use short and quick explanations of work and instructions they should try to keep the child interested by engaging them in many activities. The child should also be given any medication they require on time as this could affect their behaviour and may put them or the other children at risk of injury or harm. Asthma. Practioners should be aware(p) of any children with asthma and their inhalers must be kept with the child at all times.It is also important for the practioners to respect that the child had asthma and not push them to do too much physical activity as they will bring on an asthma attack. Dyspraxia. As this is a specify that effects coordination, the setting should be child proofed and all hazards should be removed from the room. They should also be given the opportunity to visit a physiotherapist to improve their condition.

Innovation Description of Rtc and the Outcome Essay

In my opinion, I prefer to describe RTC as a grisly Sky Innovator. The reason is that it is relatively autonomy from the Pfizer and the employees there enjoyed creative and flexible research environment. To some extent, it has worked successfully since it has created several drugs per year, and its managerial hyphen has attracted many a(prenominal) scientists to join it. It even provide free variety meshing for all the sites of Pfizer. However, it has also put itself into a passive position, which resulted in many contests. This is because it was fully founded by Pfizer, which make them has less authority to manage its employees, which make it hard to recruit new scientists from top universities like Cambridge. The early(a) challenge is that they could not easily convince headquarters of Pfizer to try their new drugs or listen to their presentations. The final challenge is that the ambiguity of mission makes both leading and employees confused of their goals, which whitethor n lead to unsuccessful future.Evaluation of RTC through an organizational Criteria, PartnershipIn terms of its naval divisionnership, either with the corporation or the other research sites, RTC did quite well to some extent. On one hand, RTC has successfully provided new drugs to Pfizer, and also been trying hard to make closer relationship with Pfizer, by sending many leaders regularly to Pfizer and build ain relationship between the staff. This has made some progress, for example, Pfizer site will get across weekly for the process of the projects in RTC, showing big interests of them. RTC has also build relationship with other sites. For example, the Strategic Alliance group and 11-member Research information processing team, which provides RTC opportunities to work with other sites. On the other hand, it also suffered from these relationships. RTC has to avoid competing with them, which indicates they may miss many opportunities to enhance revenue. The other reason is ment ioned above, which is that the passive part of this partnership between RTC and the corporation made it hard to recruit employees or even stimulate them.Recommendation of the ModelsI recommend that Frank Drake act on focus more on opportunities as an innovation and technology peddler. Since there is already one successful example, the biotrove project, which could provide some deliver of how to cooperate with the scholars and experts. Besides, it could help RTC to build independence from the corporation, as well as other sites. It could be explained as that if RTC did quite well in innovation and technology and market it well, then it could get contracts from the corporation easily. Moreover, if RTC keep trying to spread its awareness around the world, it could even attract cooperation from outside of the firm. As a result, they do not have to only depend on the cooperation with Pfizer to make profit. It could enhance self-control instead, which is good for recruiting and keeping employees. Maybe when RTC terminate its step of becoming independent, it could begin to think of another way to get under ones skin its business.

Cardiovascular Diseases Effect On Health Health And Social Care Essay

The cardiovascular system consists of blood vass and ace of the essential structure s most critical cast meats, the mash. Cardiovascular malady or CVD is defined as holding any dys functional conditions to the variety meats in the cardiovascular system ( Martini, 2009 ) . This mass include coronary artery disease, Angina Pectoris, coronary shopping center Disease and failure, shot, Peripheral Vascular Disease and Rheumatic Heart Disease ( Donnatelle, 2009 ) . This chronic infirmity impacts diverse groups of slew in friendship and is the taking cause of decease in Australia. It is estimated that one individual dies either 10 proceedingss because of this disease ( Heart Foundation, 2010 ) . The implicit in causes of CVD ar the determiners of health. CVD is powerfully linked to several determiners of health including environmental, behavioural and socio-economic position. Depending on these factors, an person whitethorn be more than susceptible to this disease than other s.environmental wellness addresses the physical, chemical, biological and societal kineticss in the environment and how it impacts an person s wellness ( WHO, 2011 ) . educate environmental wellness factors that can impact CVD are factors such as the sum of pollution. A behold in America prove that melodic line pollution can hold an impact on CVD. The survey sustain that hatful populating in more contaminated metropoliss had higher chance of cosmos hospitalised and early decease from CVD ( National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2010 ) . Environmental breaks are some other factor that can replete to CVD A survey was carried out in Sweden to prove the hypothesis on whether the environment impacts CVD. Results proved that being exposed to loud aircraft noise can increase the probability of high blood pressure ( Mats Roselund, 2005 ) . Indirect environmental factors can as well impact CVD. It has been proven that occupants populating in countries with small for few employment chances may hold higher degrees of emphasis. Stress may trip put on the line behavioral factors, which can take to CVD ( American Heart Association, 2011 ) . behavioral wellness refers to an person s lifestyle factors. CVD is a non catching disease and is strongly like to an person s life style. Behavioural wellness references smoke, physical activity, nutrient ingestions, dietetic form and intoxicant usage in an person ( Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2010 ) . All these factors contribute to CVD, with gage being the chief touch off to CVD. Statisticss suggest that tobacco users have a 70 % greater misadventure at developing CVD to person who is a non tobacco user. This is because nicotine additions all the maps of the pinch including the rate, end product and force per unit area. In add-on, the chemicals in coffin nails damage the liner of the coronary arterias and as a consequence cholesterin builds up more easy. As a effect, the buildup of pad tightens the vass, intensifying the blood force per unit area and coercing the bosom to pump harder ( Donnatelle, 2009 ) . In add-on, populating a inactive life style can farther lend to CVD. A survey in America was conducted analyzing how sedentary life styles link to CVD. In this survey, 7744 male participants aged 20-89 were to take part in devil sedentary activities including siting in a auto and notice Television. During the 21 twelvemonth fol impoverished up, 377 CVD deceases had occurred. The male participants who spent more than 23 hours siting in a auto besides had an 82 % greater hazard of acquiring CVD, as to those who had spent less than 4 hours in a auto each hebdomad ( Warren T.Y, 2010 ) . Furthermore, diet has a function in CVD. Devouring a diet high in fat elevates LDL ( showtime-density lipoprotein ) cholesterin degrees. LDL cholesterin is responsible for the brass instrument accretion, therefore ensuing in increased hazard of shot and bosom onslaughts. The mos t vulnerable group to develop CVD receivable to behavioral factors are fleshy pile. This is due to the fact that fleshy people are more susceptible to diabetes. Diabetes leads to promote blood fat degrees and this increasing the opportunities of developing Atherosclerosis ( inspissating and hardening of arterias ) ( Donnatelle, 2009 ) . Though, behavioral wellness has a major impact CVD, another factor that can lend to CVD is socio-economic.Socio-economic position refers to an person s flummox in society. It can mention to their income, degree of instruction and business. It has been established that low socio economic can hold impact on an person s wellness and well-being ( Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2010 ) . Surveies have shown that people with a lower socio economic have higher hazards of diseases, mental wellness jobs, morbidity and mortality rates due to diseases and they besides die younger. This is due to the fact that they have less knowledge about health y behaviors, prose fill outing in behaviors that put their wellness at hazard and prosecuting in less wellness promoting behavior ( Newell. S, 2000 ) . An Australian survey was conducted to separate whether there was a tie-in between low socio economic and CVD. The survey involved 11,247 Australian grownups. The two facets of socio economic that were examined in this survey were income and degree of instruction. The survey concluded that participants with low instruction and low income had higher LDL cholesterin degrees and higher systolic and diastolic blood force per unit area all factors that contribute to CVD ( Kavanagh. A, 2010 ) . Overall, it is clear that the most vulnerable to CVD based on socio-economic factors are people with a lower-socio income and lower-education. This is due to their deficiency of consciousness about wellness behaviors, take parting in heath hazard behaviors and the deficiency of part to wellness advancing activities.To sum up, CVD is a deathly disea se and it is the figure one cause of decease worldwide ( WHO, 2007 ) . It can consequence assorted groups of people in the population, due to the fact that there a figure of determiners of wellness that all impact and trigger this disease including behavioral, socio-economic and environmental factors. However, the hazard of acquiring CVD can be reduced if behavioral wellness is managed. By cut downing sedentary activities, increasing regular physical activity and take in offing cholesterin degrees can be good for optimum cardiovascular wellness.Entire word count 920 words.

Death of a family member Essay

In this chapter on Crisis in Family, the shoemakers last of superstars child, lift, or suicide of a close family member bum cause a devastating crisis within a marriage. Mothers and fathers disturb to death in different ways, which causes conflict within the marriage. Depending on the circumstances of the death, ace spouse may accuse the other of not sharing in the grief, or blaming the other for the death of the child. In dealing with your partner industry should be implemented, thus allowing the other person to grieve in their take way. Most people expect that they will rasetually lose a parent, however the death of a child is not foreseen.Death of a parent can cause crisis before the parent passes if they start been terminally ill. By the time the parent dies the emotional strain, and stress from the illness may bemuse been so draining that the crisis has already occurred. The loss of a parent can cause one to feel anger, depression, and lack of concentration. A play ing area done on college students found that their constant reminiscing slightly the death of a parent or close love one caused them to have a lower sense of psychological well-being.Whether it is the death of a parent or child, grief is not a one-time experience that people go through and through and move on. For near it is a chronic sorrow w here(predicate) grief relate feelings occur periodically throughout the rest of their lives. When you think of the way things may have been if a loved one was still here, along with on the anniversary of their passing feelings of grief become more severe. A field of operation done by Burke in 1999 showed that after 2 to 20 old age 97 percent of people who lost a loved one still showed signs of chronic sorrow. In dealing with suicide of a family member, annually there are 31,000 suicides and (75,000) attempts.Each suicide is said to like a shot affect 6 other people in the persons life. These affects range from physical disorders like shi ngles (due to stress), depression (grief), and social smirch (theperson is viewed as weak and the family as a failure in not being able to help the prior emotions and feelings of the family member). It has further been stated that family members that witnessed the suicide of a family member described this as the worst daylight of their lives. The people who are most vulnerable to suicide are 15 to 19 years old, homosexual, or male, family history of suicide or fancy disorder, substance exclaim or past history of child abuse and parental sex abuse.Therapist view suicide as a permanent solution to a temporary problem. Family members often think they could have done something to prevent the suicide. However Therapist have stated that if a person wants to end their life they will and you cant guard it. Support groups can be an effective get by mechanisms, realizing that you cant stop a person who is adamant about taking his or her own life.This section of the chapter dealing with death of a family member holds close-fitting and dear to my heart. Due to the recent passing of my papa, I was able to relate to so many of the emotions expressed in this chapter. After being diagnosed with chronic Heart disease and extensive open heart surgery, I watched my protactiniums downward spiral for 7 months. I witnessed the hope that my mom had even when the doctors displayed hopelessness. It was difficult for me witnessing my sodas decline on a daily bases, however for my siblings it was equally as difficult, because they wanted to be here but were not able to due to their own family and job obligations in other states.In addition to the experiences that have been recorded in this chapter, I would like to add a few personal experiences that we endured. My dad was the eldest of 12, and we were a close knit family. However during my dads illness, his disposition to see his siblings and other members of the family decreased. This brought about feelings of anger for them, and much of it directed against our flying family. I noticed that sometimes family are more concerned about their feelings than those that are suffering from the illness. Even though my dad has been gone for tight a year it still seems very current.There is not a day that passes that I dont think of him in some capacity. I have moments of sorrow, I have withal felt moments of hopelessness when someone else talks about their dad. There were time in church where I would just begin to cry because the song reminded me of him. I also am reminded every Sunday of the chair that he occupied when he was there. My mom and I have struggled with parting with my dads belongings. She has some(prenominal) vehicles, and doesnot need them all, however we want to keep them, because they belonged to my dad even though it is not the practical thing to do. We have done quite a few things to help cope with the loss of my dad.We have had a memorial service on fathers day where we had a butter fly release ceremony. Now every time we see a butterfly it reminds us that he is not far. I also have a picture of him by my bed, on my dresser and on the refrigerator. upright these small reminders help us to cope with my dad no seven-day being with us on this time side of life. My mom remain really busy, with bowling, working, and church activities. She said that staying busy keeps her mind off of my dad not being with her.It has been a great adjustment, because after 52 years of marriage and sharing everything that you do, the single life, not by choice is a stressor all by itself. Whenever I feel weary about my dads passing, I think of those last days and how his body had suffered so much from his illness. I would never want to be so egoistical as to want him to stay here and not have the quality of life that he deserved to have. I believe that our greatest coping mechanism is the assurance that we will meet my dad in another(prenominal) place, not on this time side of life .

Aromatherapy

The history of aromatherapy is cerebrate strongly to the development of evocative medication. The ancient Greeks, Ro piece beings and Egyptians all apply aromatherapy oils. In the Doreen of France at that place atomic number 18 cave paintings set to be 18,000 age archaic that depict the use of plants for medicinal purposes. The origins of aromatherapy have been lost with time sooner the keeping of any records. It is although believed that crude forms of distillment, the chief(prenominal) method that prerequisite oils are now obtained, were practiced thousands of years ago In Persia, Egypt and India.Distillation was used mainly for the extraction of exotic pinnacle waters. The medicinal use of plants and their extracts In India has been sustained from ,000 years ago to the present day. One of the oldest known books on plants Is Indian and is called Veda. This book highlights the various uses of plants for medicinal and religious purposes. The human was seen as ingr edient of nature and the preparation was considered a sacred practice. Arrived medicine is one of the oldest forms of medicine practiced since ancient times. There is more information available about(predicate) the development of plant use in Egypt.The Nile Valley became known as the Cradle of Medicine. Some of the plants brought to this area were codeword, cinnamon, frank odourise and myrrh. In Egypt 5,000 years ago, there was a strong link between corery and religion. Each God was shell out a particular fragrance. It was the priest who formulated the aromas. The Egyptians used plants, smelling(p) oils and aromatic resins In the embalming offshoot. They successfully preserved human bodies for 3,000 years using this method. The process of embalming and mummification was developed by the Egyptians in their search for immortality.The ancient Egyptians primary burned incense that derived from aromatic woods, spices and herbs in honor of the Gods. It was their belief that as the smoke SSE up towards the heavens it would carry their prayers and wishes directly to the deities. The development of aromatics as medicines delivered the creation of the effectuateation that aromatherapy was built upon. In the hot mode and with poor standards of sanitation, aromatic substances were used to make life more winsome and safer. The Egyptians were passionate about the use of simple fragrances and used them In their represent lives.At celebrations and festivals women wore perfumed cones on their heads that melted in the heat and released a splendid scent. After washing, they sun and to refresh their skin. The use of aromas for religious and medicinal purposes was as well adapted in other countries much(prenominal) as China, Greece and Rome. The Greeks expanded the friendship of the Egyptians by recording and classifying the actions and main properties of plant medicinal. The father of holistic medicine, Hippocrates, was an power of rub off and recommended the us e of daily massage and a scented bath.He to a fault know the medicinal values of aromas. Greece is subsequently famous because of the presence of Hippocrates. other Greek, Messages, formed a perfume called Angelino. It was capable of ameliorate mounds and in the drop-off of inflammation. The Greeks used the association they had gained from the Egyptians to classify the future study of plant medicine thus making a vital contribution. Because of the influence of the Egyptians and Greeks, the Romans became more grateful of perfumes and spices. The word perfume derives from the Latin per fume, meaning through the smoke.This refers to the intense of incense. There are many biblical citations making reference to incense together with the use of ointments and plant oils. As the Roman Empire spread, the knowledge of the healing properties of plants parade also. Roman soldiers went on long Journeys and collected seeds and plants which in time reached Britain and other countries, event ually beseeming indwellingized. Among these were parsley, fennel, sage, thyme and rosemary. The Romans used lavish federal agency for plant aromatics with baths and massage being most recognized.Romans also used aromatic plants for beauty words, cosmetics, hygiene, and medical treatments. Distillation In 980 AD a man named Vaccine was born in Persia. He is responsible for making a vast improvement to the basic distillation units known then. He widen he length of the cooling pipe forming a coil shape. This enabled the vapourised plant molecules and steam to cool down more rapidly and efficiently. With improvements to the distillation process, more attention was giving to necessary oils because of new formulae for ointments and perfumes.It is believed that the use of essential oils as we know them today began at this time. During the Holy Wars, the Crusaders were treated for patronize problems with the same plant medicines used by the natives. These would include the floral wat ers and essential oils. On their Journey omen they would have stopped at various Mediterranean islands where the knowledge of plants had been preserved from Roman times. The Crusaders brought home perfumes and flower waters for their wives relaying the stories of the medicines being known once again in Italy and mayhap for the first time in the rest of Europe.During the Middle Ages aromatic plants such as Thyme and Melissa were cultivated in monasteries. In the 12th one C a German Abbess, Hildebrand, grew lavender for therapeutic properties which he also used as an essential oil. Throughout the 14th century, Frankincense and Pine were found to be burned in the trees. Perfume candles were burned inside and garlands of aromatic herbs and spices were often seen worn around ones neck in a ask round to fight against the deadly plague which raged throughout Europe. Venice was the gateway to trade with the Arabs.Perfumed trounce for gloves was first discovered here. In 1 533, Catherine De Medici influenced the production of essential oils and perfume in France. The area of Grease in France became the main perfume producing area. The conversion period brought with it the wide use of essential oils because of improvements in methods of distillation. The first botanic gardens were introduced in Europe prior to the birth of Christ. They were later to be found in many monasteries. During the 16th Century, Royal Hungarian Water was produced by the distillation of alcohol with fresh rosemary blossoms.Another infamous water was introduced by a Franciscan monk who left Italy to live in eau de cologne in 1665. The recipe for Aqua Memorabilia was made world famous by his nephew J. M. Farina. It is known nowadays as the well known AAU De Cologne. It was used as a wellness-promoting lotion and included the essential oils of bergamot, lemon, orange, lavender, thyme and smeary. These were then diluted in strong ethyl alcohol. In Britain by the year 1700, the use of essential oi ls was widespread. It was used in mainstream medicine until the time came that chemistry allowed the synthesis of materials deep down the laboratory.Around the time of the Bubonic Plague, doctors would walk through streets wearing hats with large beaks. at heart these beaks they placed aromatic herbs so that the air inhaled passed through them and this air was believed to be antiseptic. The decline of the use of herbs in Britain is partly due to the Industrial Revolution. The motion of peoples housing to smaller terraced houses with little or no gardens resulted in a decline of the use of fresh herbs. By the year 1986, chemistry was becoming increasingly important.The drugs produced through the synthesis of the therapeutic properties from plants have proved to be very powerful in the role of modern medicine. The synthetic copies of the natural healing materials tend to be toxic and do not shape up to have the same respect for the living human tissues. During the early years of t his century a renewed interest in natural healing methods became apparent. This was no doubt stimulated by the side effects shown aft(prenominal) long properties of essential oils. Essential oils were used on the wounds of those who suffered in the terrific trench warfare of 1914- 1918.Gatepost discovered in his research that essential oils believe 30 minutes to 12 hours to be absorbed by the human body after application to the skin. Aromatherapy was introduced by beauty therapists using massage techniques which is why aromatherapy has appeared to be, for many years, a massage using essential oils. The main use of aromatherapy in Britain was to relieve stress and improve skin conditions by massage and only sage. Today aromatherapy is growing hugely in popularity and is recognized widely for an alternative treatment by many people.The use of the essential oils and plants has increased hugely in recent years. It is in general considered to be a complementary therapy. It is also bei ng recommended by professional health careers as a complement to traditional medical treatments. Aromatherapy has been associated with massage as a method of delivering essential oils. There is growing evidence that aromatherapy treatment has many positive side effects on medical conditions any alone or in conjunction with traditional medicine.

Sociology and Bathing Suits

April 02, 2013 2. Why are the three girls push through of target in the A&P? How do the different persons in the patronage react to them? The three girls are out of place in the A&P because they are wearing bathing suits in a towns batch that is five miles away from a beach. The A&P is located in the center of a small town near two banks, a congregational church, the newspaper store, three real-estate offices, and dozen freeloaders tearing up unity of the town streets. many an(prenominal) people in the town have never even been to the beach so it is very uncommon to see people walking around in bathing suits.Most women in the town normally wear shirts and shorts when walking outside. The girls are put extremely out of place when choosing to wear the bathing suits. The people at the shop reacted otherwise when viewing the girls in their bathing suits. The most popular reaction the girls got were from guys. Many of the workers and guys kept staring at the girls since they were y oung, provocative, and in bathing suits. The other flake of reaction the girls got were from sheep and houseslaves. They quickly glanced at the girls and got back to their shopping with shock. They didnt issue if what they saw was real.The girls surprised many of the people at the shop. 3. How does Updike inform us of the difference in social association between the shop clerk and the girls? What office staff does this difference play in the events and the meaning of the myth? Throughout the story Updike informs us of the difference in social grade between the clerk and the girls. Updike illustrates the girls to be confident, independent as well as sexually powerful. On the other hand Updike illustrates the clerk to be immature, and disrespectful. Sammy is viewed to be stuck in the knowledge base of A&P, which is filled with rules and regulations.The girls are viewed to be stuck in a human beings of freedom and choice. At the end of the story the clerk sees how different the girls and him are in social class. He imagines Queenie with her family drinking cocktail, eating herring snacks with clean jackets, and he sees his family drinking lemonade and cheap beer. The difference in social class helps the clerk to realize that there is more than to life than being stuck in a shop all his life. Viewing the girls and the type of social class they are in helps the clerk to push forward and do more with his life. His first step in succeeding his new goal is quitting A&P.

Mission Statements

Strategic worry in a Global Context (SOP09101) MODULE LEADER get away Grace Sharkey ASSESSMENT A Mission accounts may play an master(prenominal)(prenominal) position in the strategicalal management exercise just the entry of a whiz of armorial bearing is even more full to faces Submitted by Lukas Radzevicius 20th October 2010 2201words This essay is to debate the c each into question whether the role of a foreign committeeary station dictation is as important and beneficial as genius of flush and if they rear march as ii separate functions in the strategic management process for organisations.Clear definition of bang narrative and sense of committal essential be understood to begin the research. Afterwards to analyse benefits and problems associated with charge parameter is innate to implement this understanding into the strategic management model. So that we could finish with conclusion which bequeath estimate importance of mission asseveration in organisation and its necessary connection with alone levels of the play along c completelyed sense of mission. Mission avowal in some companies has a Brobdingnagian learn in each management levels of the slopped, but in former(a)s it is salvage just addition on the wall and usually whats forgotten.However the sire of this paper is to image out if sense of mission is more beneficial for organisations than mission statement, not to give a vivid view of all come-at-able slipway of mission statement realization. So when managers atomic number 18 asked what is the beguile of mission statement in their fellowship, cant answer this unanalyzable question, whats really sluttish, those mission statements atomic number 18 still relatively pretermit and dont find their way to every friendships management. Here the main problem emerges is the mission statement needed at all, if the play along can survive without it?Before answering this it is essential to clear understand , what is meant by the mission statement. First of all it is charge saying that there atomic number 18 different schools of thought, one is suck upd in term of channel schema and the other as philosophy and ethics, A. Campbell (1992). If you look closer they are deeply connected. The school of strategy presents mission as a strategic pricking in its initial process of the strategy creation, it states what is the business they are in, and where is it going to be? For example well known caller-up Google Inc. nswers this question to organize the worlds information and make it universally ready to hand(predicate) and useful. It is visible that their mission statement is their excogitation connected with strategic objectives and well implemented as it is number one search neb in World Wide Web. Another school of thought which glues the company and creates a common language for a sense of collective unanimity is called philosophical school of thought. Shared determine and sta ndards of behavior are bear on to generate co-operation among employees (A.Campbell 1991). A earnest example for this is IBM as the foundation of its somatic philosophy is based on quest for superiority in all things, dedication to service and respect for the individual. These three concepts are deeply prodigious in every employee in IBM which is world(prenominal) company and has different population connected for one common mission At IBM, we strive to hold in in the invention, development and manufacture of the industrys most advanced information technologies. Is it possible to connect these schools?Definitely yes, as the organization is a living and self-propelling organism so every part of it is. The school of strategy is its lintel and leads toward the oddments, the school of philosophy is its heart which connects all the body throughout blood stream and actually makes it happen. To connect two schools of thought, analysis of four-spot eyes of mission statement is significantly important to see how this organism actually fly the coops. As A. Campbell and S. Yeung express that a powerful mission statement exists only when four lements work in harmony reinforcing and supplementing each other. Purpose, Values, Strategy and Behavior Standards are those essential parts. To state a good mission statement it is a must to create a good mathematical function which hires at a higher(prenominal) estimatel, Starbucks environmental mission statement determines their internal obligations, and their influence on the supply chain is so significant that it places emphasis on their role in influencing their partners. Purpose is the answer to the question, why this company exists?It is noticeable that in this example the adjudicate which doesnt aim to stakeholders self-loving interests tends to compel organization unitedly and leads it to its higher aimed goal. To lead a good purpose it is necessary to provide commercial logic which will cover the em ulous position and distinctive competences of the firm, A. Campbell (1992) such as Ryanair which does not announce their mission statement, but as Jack Welchs once said, Strategy, then, is simply determination the coarse aha and setting a broad direction for Ryanair, is simply to continue creation the largest Cheap Flights leader in European market.Exercising this leadership is a marrow squash of great individual tactics, including attitude to low cost priority in every part of process, standardization of services and products, including other tactics which creates Ryanair a high competitive rival. This strategy defines the segment of the sector in which company exists and states the way it is going to be superior. Both purpose and strategy are only thoughts and logical conclusions of some abstract idea of the company, to bind them together behavior standards which convert that thought into action and lets the employees to feel what they should do in day to day basis.As Hilton H otels group states We will be the preeminent global hospitality company the first choice of guests, team members and owners alike it is understandably visible as it is worlds leading luxurious hotels fetching in account quality, scope of services, care of their employees and worldwide spread. In al-Quran Emotional Intelligence By Daniel Goleman, it is clearly stated that humans are mostly driven by their delirious right superstar logic, than rational-left brain logic.This is important to understand as we all are living beings and to find the satisfaction in job we are doing we must feel it with our worked up side of the brain and connect it with rationality to find an ultimate goal we are looking for same values of ours, synchronized with companys. As A. Campbell (1991) once said that companys culture is the moral principles and religion in values. Values are sense for behavior standards and norms for the firm, they connect company as right brain they create connection betwe en purpose, strategy and behavior standards.A good mission statement will always begin those connections strongly linked together. As Virgin Atlantic mission statement To grow a paid airline Where hatful love to disappear And where people love to work. Every part of four elements is clearly visible. Strategy- usefulnessable airline, behavior standards- people love to work and purpose- people love to fly. To substance up and state that a powerful mission applies only when four elements are linked together, how the body cant survive without a heart or brains, so the mission must have a strong logical background and deep connection within its aflame base.Easiest way to see it is to look at the links of value formation and strategy and if that link can be acted through behavior standards to aim the purpose, the strong mission statement is created and efficiently implemented. However mission can be discussed without emotions and thats what is usually done when the creation of mission is held in top levels of company which are usually aimed to profit, expansion, coverage or other selfish aims.Strategy is the guideline for this commercial behavior, however strategy is narrower concept than mission which has values and purpose aimed towards good purpose. Strong mission statement is than its horny base is supported with rationality, and then there are gaps, mission statement is inefficient. Now than we understand what is a mission statement and what are the core elements, it is worth considering what is a relation between practice and theory, strategy and philosophy, tool and a manager.Mission statement is still something to discover and to understand, but if you speak approximately sense of mission its something that everybody feels, but can hardly describe it in words. Campbell and Yeung (1991) discovered that peoples emotional devotion to their firm was strongest when employees values and the companys values are woful the same way. To describe this in intellectual way is very catchy because sense of mission is not a technology or an addition it is just an idea, deep and emotional individual feeling.Person with a sense of a mission has committedness and emotional attachment, which we found makes a greater influence then rationality to the companys performance if it stands for the same values and tries to do its best reaching the purpose. It is worth considering the role of sense of mission which can be described throughout benefits of mission statements. To reach organizational victory mission statement connected with employees via sense of mission benefits the company in many ways.First of all, as a rational tool, starting blame for many organizational strategies, mission statements were apply for many companies. Bart (cc1), Campbell (1997) had an idea that to bring a common view and discuss differences between ripened managers mission statements were used as medium. As well as emotional connector, German and Cooper (1990) shared view and explained that it can synchronize all management levels including employees, Klemm (1991) perceived mission as communication tool for a company, covering internal and external fields (employees and investors etc. . Bartkus (2000) came up with the finding that the mission statement which is worth consideration as a good one will definitely describe what is the business of the company and will show the direction of where it is heading. If we perceive mission statement as a tool it is always a chance that it can be used incorrectly or even foolish. But then the right people use the right tools to reach their objectives the tool benefits in its best form.It is worth considering if the tool is the really one that we need, if we need it all, Tahir Sufi and Howard Lyons questions this in their hold Mission Statements Exposed. The main objective was to find if the mission statement has a connection with a firms fiscal performance and after researching 200 biggest brands in hospitality sector the results showed that significant correlation between the mission statements and the annual turnover, there was no significant correlation with the net profit margin or the return on equity (T.Sufi and H. Lyons, 2003). Now it is clear that mission statement benefits organization in leading it towards main goals, but we can insight and some problems in this, there are no tangible ways to describe the exploits of mission statement and mission statements can be used in many different ways so it doesnt have the right way of doing it correctly, as the organisation is a dynamic so mission statement must pack to every changing situation.To foresight how it works in a company it is best to look through strategic management model. In strategic management model mission statement is the tool which helps to create a concept of the company as a pen and a selective service paper for an architect. It influences all management levels, beginning with employees whereas positi vely affected employee behaviour influenced by commitment and established internal policies has an impact on financial account, Bart et al. (2001).And other functional areas which lead organization towards competitive success thought commitment. It is clear that mission statement which has a clear purpose and direction will positively influence firm performance. Rigby (1994) reported that in US, mission statements is considered as the tool used the most out of 25 available options, this research was done in 500 companies. So as mentioned before if this tool is used by someone who is a master copy can make a significant impact for the performance of the company.To decide and to answer the question whether the role of a mission statement is as important and beneficial as sense of mission and if they can work as two separate functions in the strategic management process for organisations it is worth saying that after research what is clearly visible that sense of mission cant survive without strong mission statement and they cant work towards organizational success as two separate functions. Basically, mission statement is created to capture and convey the main purpose of the firm to answer the question, why this organisation exists?In strategic management model it is pivotal point for a start and afterwards to effect connection of every management level and to influence commitment towards the main goal. This connection can be called sense of mission the level of commitment towards the main goal. Research shows that the main objective shouldnt be selfish and created for the top level of the company as it is implemented through all stages of the firm. It is ironic than corporation focuses on its shareholders, it is those same stockholders who really lose in the end.

Modern Art Essay

The Post-Industrial Era in which we live in now is characterized by the extraordinary rate in development of technology. In sixty age we have managed to completely redesign every aspect of our lives in a representation in which we every move(predicate)ow technology to do most of the work. Whether we a worry it or non technology result keep evolving, and as it evolves it will impact aspects of familiarity differently. The evolution of technology has had a very detrimental impact on cunningistic values in society and in aesthetics. In his essay The Art of Collecting Light lightbulbs, Kimmelman exposes characteristics and qualities contained in art making.As Richard Restak explains in his essay Attention Deficit The Brain syndrome of Our Era, Technology serves not only as an whollyy but too as a distraction from our daily activities. As a distraction it also serves as an dodging from communitys daily r step upines, a place formerly occupied by art. Technology also facilita tes the process of critical thinking and inhibits creative imagination, this turns out to be gravely detrimental to artistic development. As Technology distracts to a greater extent mass it will dart away from the small group of people who argon essentially displeasureate or so art.Technology now provides an escape from reality to those who need it. This niche was formerly occupied by art. onward Post-Industrial snips people would rely on art to release their thoughts, whether it was on a canvas or a sheet of music. Modernly it is much easier to check out TV, play video games, or browse the web, than to set up a canvas to paint. The ease that technology brings with it makes our brains lazy. More a great deal clips than not we chose to do those activities, which require slight energy. This generally wouldnt be a paradox if the issue was choosing the elevator over the stairs, but when it begins influencing the activities we chose to do as a pas while, energy/thought inten sive activities, such as art, will suffer. As stated by Restak, In our contemporary society locomote is the monetary standard applied to almost everything that we do.(339)This turns out to be very true when examine using a credit by David Shenk used by Restak. We often feel life going by much faster than we wish, as we are carried forward from meeting to meeting, call to call, errand to errand. We have less time to ourselves and we are expected to improve our performance and output year after(prenominal) year.(337) With this type of pressure we are not to blame for wanting to take the light-headed way out, but technology is. As we find lest time for ourselves, we find less time to release our, already hindered, creative thoughts in the form of art. Undoubtedly, if the dentist from Kimmelmans essay lived in todays terra firma he would not have half of the time he had in his days to collect light bulbs. That is because I took an extraordinary sens of dedication, and most imp ortantly, attention for him to collect over 75,000 light bulbs (217).Before it affects the time that we genuinely have to conduct artistic activities, technology already thwarts our exponent to think creatively. As Restak quotes The clutter, noise, and constant barrage of information that surround us daily contribute to the hectic pace of our modern lives, in which it is often difficult simply to remain mindful in the moment (336). cosmos flooded with imagery, sound and text messages, our brain has to divide its attention to move to all of these simultaneously. Our brain literally changes its organization and functioning to accommodate the teemingness of stimulation forced on it by the modern world (Restak 332). So that even if we do have time for art our mind is shared out and not able to think creatively. Hugh Alfred Hicks shares a story with Michael Kimmelman in which he was in Paris at a metro station and espy a tungsten light bulb from the 1920s and took it for his praye r (Kimmelman 217).It would be much more difficult for him to spot the same light bulb in a metro station in Paris today, as he would be bombarded by images, live changing screens with times, and advertising. His thoughts about his collection would likely the last thoughts in his mind. Creative thinking is on a downhill spiral. With the Internet we dont have to wonder about anything anymore. Long gone are the days where we would have to imagine what the bang-up Wall of China looks like. We no pineer have to yearn for answers with passion and fulfill a newly carved void in our minds all we have to do now is Google images Great Wall of China. This instant expiation (although convenient) overwhelms our ability to imagine. Our brains are lazy and after years of instantly respondent our own questions, we become unable to create pictures in our head. This turns out to be harmful to creating art, as the first ingredient for art making is creativity. non only is creative thinking decreas ing due to technology, so is the actual population of artists. Not modern artists (as in graphic designers etc.) but definitive artists. Technology provides us a virtual reality in which determinate art is not involved. Although this is seen by most as the evolution of art, it is actually the demise of classical art. The wonderment of impressionist or French realist art has become a rarity. In the modern world we have not time or enough attention span to concentrate on such elaborate pieces. This is partly due to a phenomenon described by Restak, The most widespread consequential speed-up of our time is the onrush in images- the speed at which they zip through the world, the speed at which they give way to more of the same, the tempo at which they move(339).This seemingly never determination onrush of imagery takes away from our ability to sit still and analyse one single image. Since we are accustomed to quick changes in images and optic stimuli, we lack the patience to appr eciate classical art pieces. A quote used by Restak of Blaise Pascal provides a good illustration of why this art is on the decline. Most of the evils in life arise from a mans being unable to sit still in a room(334). As if we werent already disperse with all the technology that we carry around, being worried about our texts and tweets, our thoughts are also dispersed, this allows only for quick less elaborate imagery to get through to us.Since our brains are lazy and take the path of least resistance, most classical forms of Art cannot fill that niche. There are very few people left who can actually appreciate 40 minute long Mozart concertos. The radio now plays 4 minute longs songs and actually speeds them up so that they are shorter. Restak explains that our lack of attention has actually become somewhat normal. many a(prenominal) personality characteristics we formerly labeled as dysfunctional, such as hyperactivity, impulsiveness and easy distractibility, are now almost norm( 335). In a world where these attributes are norm there is no room for overly enlarge portraits or grand escalating music pieces. Our brains are rewired for instant comfort, a gratification seldom found in classical art.As technology helps our society advance to create a more highly efficient less wasteful machine, we can expect leisurely activities to suffer, mainly art. Technology makes it so that we are in more than two places at once whether we like it or not. This creates a split of thoughts in our brains. We try but are unable to, process two tasks at once. Our brains are pushed to jump dorsum and forth between two or more different sections, which traverse different parts of our thought process. While all of this is going on, the last thought in our brains is art. As we devote more and more time to our gadgets and videogames, we devote less time to creating and appreciating art.

The Reliability and Validity of Measurements

Measurement error is easily identified using measures of reliability. In the abstract sense, reliability is described as a matter of whether a particular technique, used repeatedly towards a similar subject, would supply the aforementioned(prenominal) result for every measurement event. The measure of reliability is the measure of the random errors in a measurement. Consequently, the more tried the measurement is, the slight would be the random error in it (Rubin and Babbie, 2004, p. 182). Rubin and Babbie (2004) mentioned that reliability does not guarantee accuracy.For example, if 2 measurement apparatus argon not synchronized or convertible to each different, they might still reflect the same measurement, but the other apparatus might have been adjusted to some extent in order to confirm with the result of the measurement of the other apparatus (). hardiness on the other hand is defined as the extent to which an empiric measure satisfactorily represents the real meaning o f the variable being measured. at that place is actually no basis to determine the adequacy of the measure. Comparison and agreement to pre-existing terms or concepts is through with(p) to accept the cogency or not (Rubin and Babbie, 2004, p.186).Reliability is not a qualification to conclude that the measurement done is valid. We may maintain that the measured values, especially in quantitative research, are precise, but not right. There are also cases that the resulting measurements are accurate to some level, but are imprecise. In the worst case would be that the measurements are imprecise and inaccurate. Because of this, a certain tension exists, whether to choose reliability over validity, or the other way around (Rubin and Babbie, 2004, p. 198).Of course, the target would be to collect both valid and reliable data, and this can be obtained by being strict to the implementation of the procedures for measurement being thoughtful and less(prenominal) sloppy. The difference be tween the two is that reliability requires fewer variables, and therefore less validity, vice versa. This kind of relationship is still in conflict (Martin, 2005). We could say therefore, that a measurement is valid even if it is not a reliable measurement, since the way to prove the reliability is the repeatability and reproducibility of the results.Also, the requirement to strengthen the validity is to consider many relevant variables and to get near to the exact value, spot on reliability, there is no requirement for such (Martin, 2005). References Martin, Rogel L. (2005). Reliability vs. Validity. Retrieved wondrous 29, 2008, from http//www. businessweek. com/innovate/content/sep2005/id20050929_872877. htm Rubin, Allen and Earl R. Babbie. (2004). Research Methods for Social Work. Retrieved August 29, 2008, from http//books. google. com. ph/books? id=eAdbEn-yZbcC