Difficult Obstacle In Learning English English Language Essay

Difficult Obstacle In Learning incline incline Language EssayVocabulary is the most difficult obstacle in coping position. However, English war cry formation is an effective way to learn English, because it can help us to correctly identify the word form, stir up of speech, and to understand the meaning of the word, and to rapidly expand our vocabulary. Among them, affixation is the strongest one, and it forms the largest number of voice communication, and it is considered to be one of the best ways to learn English. Besides, heighten, reincarnation, blending, clipping, acronymy, back-formation atomic number 18 also the cost-efficient ways of learning English. In the paper, the ways and characteristics of word formation are analyzed in affixation, compounding and conversion.Key nomenclature English word formation, affixation, compounding, conversion1. inductionLearning a wrangle must to learn the speech, grammar and vocabulary. In these tether elements, vocabulary oc cupies a pivotal position. Well-known scholar Wilkins utter, without grammar, very teeny can be conveyed, without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed. Vocabulary scientist McCarthy said more simply, no depend how well the student learns grammar, no exit how successfully he masters the sounds of a L2, without words to express a wide range of meanings, communication in that language cannot happen in any meaningful way. So many teachers and students pay a haul attention to the vocabulary learning. And the expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word formation. There is a variety of centre being at work now. The most productive are affixation, compounding and conversion. Talking about word-forming patterns means dealing with rules. But not all(prenominal) words which are produced by applying the rule are acceptable. The acceptability is gained lonesome(prenominal) if when the words have gained an institutional currency in the language. Therefore, rules only stick out a constant set of models from which clean words are created from solar day to day. Rules themselves are not fixed but undergo changes to a certain(prenominal) extent. For instance, affixes and compounding offshootes may become productive at one sentence or lose their productivity. By word formation processes, we concentrate on productive or on productive rules. While applying the rules, we should keep in mind that there are always exceptions. Then I provide analyze the ways and characteristics of word formation in affixation, compounding and conversion.2. fond regardAffixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to bases. This process is also known as derivation, by which new words are derived from old or base forms. The words that are created in this way are called derivatives. According to the positions affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subcategories prefixation and suffixation.Prefixatio n is a way of forming new words by adding prefixes to stems. Usually, prefixes do not change the word- partitioning of the stem but only modify its meaning. Prefixes can be divided, based on their meanings, into negative prefixes, reversative prefixes, pejorative prefixes, prefixes of degree or size, prefixes of orientation and attitude, locative prefixes, prefixes of time and order, number prefixes, conversion prefixes, miscellaneous prefixes. For instance, negative prefixes include 1) a-, apolitical, asexual, atypical 2) dis-, disobey, discredit, disloyal 3) in-, il-, ir-, im-, inaudible, illegitimate, irresistible, improbable 4) non-, non-classical, non-smoker, non-violence 5) un-, undemocratic, unwillingly, unbuilt.Suffixation is the process of forming new words by adding suffixes to the end of stems. Suffixes have primary pass away being to change the word class with a slight accommodation of meaning. Suffixes can be divided into noun suffixes, adjective suffixes, adverb suf fixes and verb suffixes. For instance, noun suffixes include 1) denominal nouns, -eer, -er, -age, profiteer, teenager, mileage 2) deverbal nouns, -ant, -ent, -ing, assistant, respondent, call 3) de-adjective nouns, -ity, -ness, productivity, youthfulness 4) noun and adjective suffixes, -ese, -an, -ist, Chinese, Australian, Methodist.Affixation is the strongest word formation, and it forms the largest number of words, and it is considered to be one of the best ways to learn English. Linguist David Crystal said, no matter how big your vocabulary is, only you know the range of prefixes and suffixes, and you know the primary(prenominal) limitation of using them, your vocabulary will sharp increase soon. famous author Lord Chesterfield said, the shortest and best way of learning a language is to know the roots of it, that is, those original primitive words of which other words are formed. Etymology scientists John Kennedy said, the stem and its value are the basis of the English langu age.3. CompoundingCompounding or composition is a process of word formation by which two or more stems are dress together to make a new word. Words formed in this way are called compounds. So a compound is a lexical unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word, Quirk et al said that. Compounds can be divided into noun compounds, adjective compounds and verb compounds. For instance, noun compounds include 1) noun+ noun lunar month cake, end product 2) noun+ verb toothache, frostbite 3) verb+ noun crybaby, tell-tale 4) adjective+ noun deadline, blueprint 5) noun+ verb-ing brainwashing, air-conditioning 6) verb-ing+ noun cleaning lady, wade bird 7) noun+ verb-er stockholder, crime reporter 8) adverb+ verb outbreak, downfall 9) verb+ adverb sit-in, have-not 10)verb-ing+ adverb going-over, carryings-on 11) adverb+ verb-ing up-bringing. And compounds have broad characteristics, such as phonological features, semantic feature s, grammatical features and orthographical features.4. revolutionConversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class, without changes in morphological structures. New words are new only in a grammatical sense. For instance, the word paper as a noun has four senses 1) material in thin sheets made from timber or cloth, 2) a newspaper, 3) a piece of writing for specialists, and 4) wallpaper. When turned into a transitive verb, it is related only to 4) as in She papered the room grand.5. ConclusionEnglish words are difficult to learn and weighed down to remember, but there are internal rules can be found. If we extend from word formation, we can make vocabulary learning become straightforward and efficient, and make it possible for the rapid expansion of vocabulary. Word formation is an efficient way and powerful weapon for English study. We should grasp the three of import ways, affixation, compounding and conversion, especially for our Eng lish major students.