Working More and Feeling Better – Journal Article Summary

Citation Schnittker, Jason. 2007. Working more and Feeling Better Wo handss Health, Employ handst, and Family Life, 1974-2004. American Sociological Review 72(2)221-238. This submit investigates the birth amidst wo mens manipulation and wellness unlike antithetic studies, which befool utilize mental wellness as the tabucome. The research questions intercommunicate in this theme were Has the wellness of women improved or filiationd? Has the grammatical sexuality crack cocaine in health altered and, if so, why?Does integrating long start hours with caring for a child diminish the relationship between employment and health and, if so, have current work-family patterns restrained any gains in health? Schnittker included changes in composition (e. g. , are more women suffering since more women are combining their jobs with raising a child) and changes in association (e. g. , do the marked improvements in health related to employment lesson with the birth of a child). The changes in composition and changes in association were examined with cumulative trends in health.The self-governing variable stars in this speculate were womens work hours, preparation and family income. The dependent variable was self-rated health. Reported work hours were separated into four categories and the reference category was non working for this study. Several control variables were, as well, that are related to concord trends. Education was divided into four categories with less than high school as the reference category. Family income used a constant of $1, 986 dollars.Schnittker analyzed whether or not children were in the home instead of focvictimization how many children because of the various work-family adjustments and different levels of responsibility that come with childrens different ages. For this study, separate dummy variables were used having a child down the stairs the age of 6 and having a child between 6 and 17 years old with having no children under the age of 18 years old presently in the home. The study used data from the cumulative General Social Survey (GSS) taken between 1974-2004. The GSS is represented nation aloney and uses an area-probability sample.The survey asked responders to self-rate their health as poor, fair, food, or excellent. Self-rated health predicts gender differences, is an indicator of morbidity and predictor of mortality. Findings from the GSS were checked using the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) taken between 1997-2004. The NHIS excessively provided data concerning the current health trends. Data from the NHIS was produced by personal in-home interviews. The trends in the gender health gap in this study used controls for year, gender, interactions between gender and year, and age and age-squared.Age and age-squared were used to account for the aging population, which is vital for this study since there are sex differences in life expectancy. Findings suggest that the gender gap close d importantly during the 30-year period. Womens self-health has significantly improved and mens self-rated health slightly change magnitude until 1990. Mens self-rated health has been on a steady decline ever since then. These results suggest a relation between the trends in womens improving self-rated health and the gender gap closing.Once Schnittker used controls for education in his analysis it show uped that the improvements in womens health can be attributable to education. When education was replaced with employment perspective and family income it showed that some of the improvements in womens health can be attributed to the trick out in womens employment, but not near as much as education. The relationship between work-family patterns and health were examined when Schnittker introduced whether the responder had a child. His findings overly show that work hours and having a young child are rattling related.He piece that having a child under 6 causes a decline in employ ments positive impacts on health. Controls for income slightly reduced the negative relationship. Findings concerning the relationship between work hours and having a child in the home show that fathers report improved self-rated health when working full-time and mothers self-rated health drastically decreased. More notably, the findings show that both men and women report worse self-rated health when the combine work with raising children.Out of all independent variables, the one that impacted the diminishing of the gender gap was employment. Education, work hours, and having a child all affected the closing of the gender gap, but not as significantly as employment. Schnittkers findings also suggest that self-rated health for women would improve steady more if their average work hours were the very same as mens average work hours. Another notable finding comes out of the inclusion of family income. His findings suggest that if the wages of women were the same as the wagers of men their self-rated health would improve significantly.He also found that the emergence of the time bind has subdue womens self-rated health, especially in recent years. (Schnittker 2007 233). He also found that the time bind only slightly suppressed womens self-rated health and that in the long term, more women working and achieving higher levels of education have had much more of an impact on their self-rated health. Schnittkers results show that education and employment are largely impacting the gender gap. Schnittkers study shows that womens health on average was reported to be worse than mens.The factors which he attributes the difference self-rated health are the trends related to womens increased presence in the work force and the increase in the numerate of women a higher levels on education. Schnittkers study is remarkable. His findings are tender reasons for change to take place with the employment terms of women today. Self-rated health is contestable since it is self-r ated. Also, the term health in the study could be physical health or mental health. Schnittker attributes the His work proves that more research is needed in this area of study.